{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T14:29:07Z","timestamp":1769524147682,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012151","name":"Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["501100001809"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["501100001809"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012151","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"HKU-SZH Fund for Shenzhen Key Medical Discipline","award":["SZXK2020081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZXK2020081"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To investigate the risk of hyperkalaemia in new users of sodium\u2013glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors vs. dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with T2DM who commenced treatment with an SGLT2 or a DPP-4 inhibitor between 2015 and 2019 were collected. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis was applied to compare the risk of central laboratory-determined severe hyperkalaemia, hyperkalaemia, hypokalaemia (serum potassium \u22656.0, \u22655.5, and &amp;lt;3.5\u00a0mmol\/L, respectively), and initiation of a potassium binder in patients newly prescribed an SGLT2 or a DPP-4 inhibitor. A total of 28\u00a0599 patients (mean age 60\u00a0\u00b1\u00a011 years, 60.9% male) were included after 1:2 propensity score matching, of whom 10\u00a0586 were new users of SGLT2 inhibitors and 18\u00a0013 of DPP-4 inhibitors. During a 2-year follow-up, severe hyperkalaemia developed in 122 SGLT2 inhibitor users and 325 DPP-4 inhibitor users. Use of SGLT2 inhibitors was associated with a 29% reduction in incident severe hyperkalaemia [hazard ratio (HR) 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58\u20130.88] compared with DPP-4 inhibitors. Risk of hyperkalaemia (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.71\u20130.92) and prescription of a potassium binder (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.67\u20130.82) were likewise decreased with SGLT2 inhibitors compared with DPP-4 inhibitors. Occurrence of incident hypokalaemia was nonetheless similar between those prescribed an SGLT2 inhibitor and those prescribed a DPP-4 inhibitor (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.81\u20131.01).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our study provides real-world evidence that compared with DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with lower risk of hyperkalaemia and did not increase the incidence of hypokalaemia in patients with T2DM.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvad081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T11:48:36Z","timestamp":1699530516000},"page":"45-52","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Risk of hyperkalaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus prescribed with SGLT2 versus DPP-4 inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2674-5097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mei-zhen","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong\u2013Shenzhen Hospital , Shenzhen, 518000 , China"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital , Hong Kong, 999077 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiew-Hwa Katherine","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute of Singapore , Singapore, 169609 , Singapore"},{"name":"Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular Sciences Academic Clinical Programme , Singapore, 169857 , Singapore"},{"name":"School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia , Perth, 6009 , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher Tze-Wei","family":"Tsang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital , Hong Kong, 999077 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yap-Hang","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital , Hong Kong, 999077 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi-Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital , Hong Kong, 999077 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing-wen","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital , Hong Kong, 999077 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia-Yi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital , Hong Kong, 999077 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iok-fai","family":"Cheang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , , Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029 , China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Province Hospital , , Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Kei","family":"Tse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital , Hong Kong, 999077 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin-li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , , Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029 , China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Province Hospital , , Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital , Hong Kong, 999077 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hung-Fat","family":"Tse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong\u2013Shenzhen Hospital , Shenzhen, 518000 , China"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital , Hong Kong, 999077 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1903-0018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolyn S P","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute of Singapore , Singapore, 169609 , Singapore"},{"name":"Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular Sciences Academic Clinical Programme , Singapore, 169857 , Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen, 9713 , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai-Hang","family":"Yiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong\u2013Shenzhen Hospital , Shenzhen, 518000 , China"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital , Hong Kong, 999077 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.151","article-title":"Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications","volume":"14","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13687","article-title":"Hyperkalaemia in people with diabetes: occurrence, risk factors and outcomes in a Danish population-based cohort study","volume":"35","author":"Thomsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.09.018","article-title":"Potassium homeostasis and management of dyskalemia in kidney diseases: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference","volume":"97","author":"Clase","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035","article-title":"Incidence and determinants of hyperkalemia and hypokalemia in a large healthcare system","volume":"245","author":"Nilsson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.71.839.551","article-title":"Hyperkalaemia in diabetes: prevalence and associations","volume":"71","author":"Jarman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1159\/000479802","article-title":"Association of serum potassium with all-cause mortality in patients with and without heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and\/or diabetes","volume":"46","author":"Collins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4891","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab497","article-title":"Effects of canagliflozin on serum potassium in people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease: the CREDENCE trial","volume":"42","author":"Neuen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100509","article-title":"Glucose-lowering drug use, glycemic outcomes, and severe hypoglycemia: 18-year trends in 0.9 million adults with diabetes in Hong Kong (2002\u20132019)","volume":"26","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S158","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-S010","article-title":"10. Cardiovascular disease and risk management: standards of care in diabetes\u20142023","volume":"46","author":"Elsayed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-022-05787-2","article-title":"Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, 2022. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)","volume":"65","author":"Davies","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz486","article-title":"2019 ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD","volume":"41","author":"Cosentino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2984","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac306","article-title":"Empagliflozin and serum potassium in heart failure: an analysis from EMPEROR-Pooled","volume":"43","author":"Ferreira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.057736","article-title":"Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and risk of hyperkalemia in people with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomized, controlled trials","volume":"145","author":"Neuen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-015-0150-y","article-title":"Effect of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on potassium levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a pooled analysis","volume":"7","author":"Yavin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib15","article-title":"The Asia-Pacific perspective: redefining obesity and its treatment","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2000"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003661","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003661","article-title":"Associations of obesity and malnutrition with cardiac remodeling and cardiovascular outcomes in Asian adults: a cohort study","volume":"18","author":"Chien","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.56645\/jmde.v11i25.431","article-title":"Propensity scores: a practical introduction using R","volume":"11","author":"Olmos","year":"2015","journal-title":"J MultiDiscip Eval"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib18","article-title":"MatchIt: nonparametric preprocessing for parametric causal inference","author":"Stuart","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Stat Software"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq439","article-title":"Doubly robust estimation of causal effects","volume":"173","author":"Funk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy100","article-title":"Serum potassium and adverse outcomes across the range of kidney function: a CKD Prognosis Consortium meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Kovesdy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib21","first-page":"Cd011798","article-title":"Insulin and glucose-lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease","volume":"9","author":"Lo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02130221","article-title":"Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and the risk of abnormal serum potassium level","volume":"16","author":"Hwang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3180","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibition\u2014a novel strategy for diabetes treatment","volume":"9","author":"Chao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discovery"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-019-0852-y","article-title":"Effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on body composition, fluid status and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in type 2 diabetes: a prospective study using bioimpedance spectroscopy","volume":"18","author":"Schork","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738848","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.738848","article-title":"Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists on renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system","volume":"12","author":"Puglisi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2204233","article-title":"Empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"388","author":"The EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative Group","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2024816","article-title":"Dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"383","author":"Heerspink","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154918","article-title":"Cardiorenal protection with SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with diabetes mellitus: from biomarkers to clinical outcomes in heart failure and diabetic kidney disease","volume":"126","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2626","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2396","article-title":"Mechanism of action of DPP-4 inhibitors\u2014new insights","volume":"97","author":"Vella","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2042","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-1371","article-title":"Renal effects of DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin or GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes: a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"39","author":"Tonneijck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14557","article-title":"Postprandial renal haemodynamic effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin versus the sulphonylurea glimepiride in adults with type 2 diabetes (RENALIS): a predefined substudy of a randomized, double-blind trial","volume":"24","author":"Muskiet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2021.02.038","article-title":"Hyperkalemia and its association with mortality, cardiovascular events, hospitalizations, and intensive care unit admissions in a population-based retrospective cohort","volume":"6","author":"Hougen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30130-3","article-title":"Risk of cardiovascular events and death associated with initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors compared with DPP-4 inhibitors: an analysis from the CVD-REAL 2 multinational cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Kohsaka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2859","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-1890","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, and sulfonylureas on risk of Kidney outcomes: emulation of a target trial using health Care databases","volume":"43","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1611925","article-title":"Canagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes","volume":"377","author":"Neal","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2020.10.001","article-title":"Cardiovascular and renal outcomes associated with hyperkalemia in chronic kidney disease: a hospital-based cohort study","volume":"5","author":"Kohsaka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e156","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5922.2010.00258.x","article-title":"Hyperkalemia associated with use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers","volume":"30","author":"Raebel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Ther"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib38","first-page":"S175","article-title":"11. Chronic kidney disease and risk management: standards of medical care in diabetes\u20142022","volume":"45","author":"Committee ADAPP","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.05.031","article-title":"Discontinuation of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in chronic kidney disease","volume":"94","author":"Qiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2024010504414548300_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30130-3","article-title":"Risk of cardiovascular events and death associated with initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors compared with DPP-4 inhibitors: an analysis from the CVD-REAL 2 multinational cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Kohsaka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcvp\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvad081\/53892120\/pvad081.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcvp\/article-pdf\/10\/1\/45\/55013822\/pvad081.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcvp\/article-pdf\/10\/1\/45\/55013822\/pvad081.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T05:02:34Z","timestamp":1704430954000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcvp\/article\/10\/1\/45\/7371644"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvad081","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-6837","2055-6845"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-6837","type":"print"},{"value":"2055-6845","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]]}}}