{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T12:54:20Z","timestamp":1790081660968,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006095","name":"Southern and Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Vestre Viken Hospital Trust"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Short-term treatment with calcium channel blockers lowers levels of N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and reduces rhythm-related symptoms compared to treatment with beta-blockers. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of metoprolol and diltiazem for rate control in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation (AF) after 6 months.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Men and women with permanent AF and preserved left ventricular systolic function were randomized to receive either diltiazem 360\u00a0mg or metoprolol 100\u00a0mg once daily. The primary endpoint was the level of NT-proBNP after a 6-month treatment period. Secondary endpoints included heart rate, rhythm-related symptoms and exercise capacity. A total of 93 patients (mean age 71\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07 years, 28 women) were randomized. After 6-months\u2019 treatment, mean levels of NT-proBNP decreased in the diltiazem group and increased in the metoprolol group, with a significant between-group difference (409.8 pg\/mL, 95% CI: 230.6\u2013589.1, P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.001). Treatment with diltiazem significantly reduced rhythm-related symptoms compared to baseline, but no change was observed in the metoprolol group. Diltiazem and metoprolol had similar effects on heart rate and exercise capacity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Diltiazem reduced NT-proBNP levels and improved rhythm-related symptoms. Metoprolol increased peptide levels but had no impact on symptoms despite similar heart rate reduction. Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers should be considered more often for rate control in permanent AF.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvae032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,4]],"date-time":"2024-05-04T03:24:10Z","timestamp":1714793050000},"page":"515-525","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Diltiazem reduces levels of NT-proBNP and improves symptoms compared with metoprolol in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5878-073X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrine","family":"Enge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, B\u00e6rum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust , Sogneprest Munthe-kaas vei 100, 1346 Gjettum ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo 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Sogneprest Munthe-kaas vei 100, 1346 Gjettum ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3880-3971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magnar Gang\u00e5s","family":"Solberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, B\u00e6rum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust , Sogneprest Munthe-kaas vei 100, 1346 Gjettum ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7071-9811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rune","family":"Byrkjeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, B\u00e6rum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust , Sogneprest Munthe-kaas vei 100, 1346 Gjettum 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