{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:10:36Z","timestamp":1791562236047,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]],"date-time":"2025-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Multiple anti-inflammatory drugs have been tested for secondary prevention after myocardial infarction (MI), giving mixed results and questioning the efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapy. No head-to-head comparisons between anti-inflammatory drugs have been performed. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of anti-inflammatory drugs for secondary prevention after MI and the relative merits of specific drugs and administration strategies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Randomized trials of anti-inflammatory therapy for secondary prevention after MI were identified. Primary efficacy and safety endpoints were trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and serious adverse events. Secondary endpoints included all-cause death, individual MACE components, serious infection, cancer, and gastrointestinal adverse events. Pairwise meta-analyses were conducted with interaction analyses for drug type and timing of administration, in addition to network meta-analyses. Multiple sensitivity and meta-regression analyses were conducted to explore potential heterogeneity sources. Twenty-eight studies, involving 44\u2009406 patients with a mean follow-up of 11 months, were included. Anti-inflammatory therapy reduced the incidence of MACEs [incidence rate ratio (IRR): 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.86\u20130.98] compared to control, without increasing serious adverse events. However, it was associated with a higher incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events (IRR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.07\u20131.36). No significant interaction was observed between the effects of anti-inflammatory therapy on MACE and the timing of administration.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In secondary prevention for MI, anti-inflammatory therapy significantly reduces MACE without increasing serious adverse events, but it is associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvae100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T02:08:50Z","timestamp":1736129330000},"page":"218-229","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["A pairwise and network meta-analysis of anti-inflammatory strategies after myocardial infarction: the TITIAN study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5467-7402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Laudani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico \u201cRodolico\u2014San Marco\u201d, University of Catania , Via S. 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