{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T11:26:21Z","timestamp":1786965981533,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":159,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The combined prevalence of heart failure (HF) with coronary atherosclerosis is frequent and often causally linked. The aim of this review is to elucidate whether lipid-lowering drugs (LLDs) are useful in this context. The role of LLDs is interesting in two ways: incidence of HF patients treated with LLD vs. outcomes in patients with a history of HF. Rosuvastatin and alirocumab have been tested in outcome trials specifically on patients with HF, the results are neutral since no benefit arose. To the contrary, use of statins in individuals without HF at baseline has been demonstrated to weakly but significantly reduce the incidence of HF. Overall, there is no notion that statins or other LLD are harmful in patients with HF. We will discuss the contribution of systemic inflammation and consider ischaemic vs. non-ischaemic HF. We conclude that in contrast to other comorbidities like, e.g. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), in HF, we face a below-than-average efficacy of LLDs in terms of reducing hard cardiovascular endpoints.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvag033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T11:44:27Z","timestamp":1778067867000},"page":"390-409","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Management of dyslipidaemia in patients with comorbidities\u2014facing the challenge: heart failure"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4677-9756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heinz","family":"Drexel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT) , Carinagasse 47, Feldkirch 6800 ,","place":["Austria"]},{"name":"Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein , Dorfstrasse 24, Triesen 9495 ,","place":["Liechtenstein"]},{"name":"Vorarlberger Landeskrankenhausbetriebsgesellschaft , Carinagasse 47, Feldkirch 6800 ,","place":["Austria"]},{"name":"Drexel University College of Medicine , 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Frick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine I, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch , Carinagasse 47, Feldkirch 6800 ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Zirlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Medical University Graz , Auenbruggerplatz 15, Graz 8036 ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8888-0935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Niessner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna , W\u00e4hringer G\u00fcrtel 18-20, Vienna 1090 ,","place":["Austria"]},{"name":"2nd Department of Medicine with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Vienna Healthcare Group , Clinic Landstrasse, Juchgasse 25, Vienna 1030 ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1695-3378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kurt","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Austrian Heart Foundation , Nordbergstrasse 15\/4\/47, Vienna 1090 ,","place":["Austria"]},{"name":"Medical Private University (MPUB) , Industriestrasse 6, 7423 Pinkafeld\/Oberwart ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7979-7758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Tamargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Instituto De Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n , Madrid 28040 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4612-117X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dobromir","family":"Dobrev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West-German Heart and Vascular Center, Institute of Pharmacology, University Duisburg-Essen , Hufelandstrasse 55, Essen 45147 ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al H1Y 3N1 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX 77030 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Mader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT) , Carinagasse 47, Feldkirch 6800 ,","place":["Austria"]},{"name":"Internal Medicine I, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch , Carinagasse 47, Feldkirch 6800 ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Agewall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd Hospital , Stockholm 171 77 ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B1","first-page":"1383","article-title":"Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S)","volume":"344","author":"Pedersen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B2","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvae058","article-title":"Management of dyslipidaemia in patients with comorbidities: facing the challenge","volume":"10","author":"Mayer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvae095","article-title":"Management of dyslipidaemia in patients with comorbidities-facing the challenge","volume":"11","author":"Fr\u00fchwald","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvaf023","article-title":"Management of dyslipidaemia in patients with comorbidities-facing the challenge: type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"11","author":"Kaser","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvaf076","article-title":"Management of dyslipidaemia in patients with comorbidities: facing the challenge: type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"11","author":"Drexel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368","article-title":"2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure","volume":"42","author":"McDonagh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.3710","article-title":"Insights into the European heart failure epidemiology","volume":"27","author":"Seferovi\u0107","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.70001","article-title":"Heart failure-attributed mortality in Europe, 2012\u20132021","volume":"27","author":"Zuin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjqcco\/qcaf054","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of heart failure and its risk factors between 1990 and 2021 and projections to 2050 : an analysis of the global burden of disease study","volume":"11","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3627","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad195","article-title":"2023 focused update of the 2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure developed by the task force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Wi","volume":"44","author":"McDonagh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.5942","article-title":"Global variations in heart failure etiology, management, and outcomes","volume":"329","author":"Investigators G-CHF","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-019-1135-z","article-title":"Association of statin use and clinical outcomes in heart failure patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Bielecka-Dabrowa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11600-X","article-title":"Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"360","author":"Shepherd","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61240-4","article-title":"Effect of rosuvastatin in patients with chronic heart failure (the GISSI-HF trial): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"372","author":"Tavazzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2024-325431","article-title":"Association between cardiac cachexia and adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure: a meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"111","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.2525","article-title":"Association between baseline LDL-C level and total and cardiovascular mortality after LDL-C lowering a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"319","author":"Navarese","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.6571","article-title":"Lipid-related markers and cardiovascular disease prediction","volume":"307","author":"The Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171168","article-title":"No benefits of statins for sudden cardiac death prevention in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"12","author":"Al-Gobari","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2013.12.007","article-title":"Effect of rosuvastatin on repeat heart failure hospitalizations","volume":"2","author":"Rogers","year":"2014","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz455","article-title":"2019 ESC\/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk","volume":"41","author":"Mach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4359","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf190","article-title":"2025 focused update of the 2019 ESC\/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias","volume":"46","author":"Mach","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10254","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001423","article-title":"2026 ACC\/AHA\/AACVPR\/ABC\/ACPM\/ADA\/AGS\/APhA\/ASPC\/NLA\/PCNA guideline on the management of dyslipidemia: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"S0735\u20131097","author":"Guidelines CP","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2415471","article-title":"Digitoxin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction","volume":"393","author":"Bavendiek","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa217","article-title":"Metabolic inflammation in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"117","author":"Schiattarella","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.08.047","article-title":"Inflammation and cardiovascular disease: 2025 ACC scientific statement: a report of the American College of Cardiology","volume":"87","author":"Mensah","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2025.03.037","article-title":"Etiology of heart failure across the ejection fraction Spectrum and association with prognosis","volume":"13","author":"Kozman","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2024.119048","article-title":"Remnant cholesterol and long-term incidence of death in coronary artery disease patients","volume":"401","author":"Drexel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.317883","article-title":"Lipid profiles and heart failure risk: results from two prospective studies","volume":"128","author":"Wittenbecher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaf093","article-title":"Ceramides in cardiovascular disease: emerging role as independent risk predictors and novel therapeutic targets","volume":"121","author":"Klingenberg","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20210127","article-title":"Lipotoxicity: a driver of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction?","volume":"135","author":"Leggat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.1.13","article-title":"Genes for apolipoprotein B and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein are expressed in the heart","volume":"98","author":"Nielsen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI1785","article-title":"Apo B100-containing lipoproteins are secreted by the heart","volume":"101","author":"Bor\u00e9n","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10583","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.078006","article-title":"Expression of apolipoprotein B in the kidney attenuates renal lipid accumulation","volume":"285","author":"Krzystanek","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55271","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M411404200","article-title":"Human placenta secretes apolipoprotein B-100-containing lipoproteins","volume":"279","author":"Madsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.023690","article-title":"Association of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with more than 20-year risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the general population","volume":"11","author":"Rong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527-5299.2007.07211.x","article-title":"The cholesterol paradox in heart failure","volume":"13","author":"Velavan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Congest Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2022.08.016","article-title":"The complex pathophysiology of cardiac cachexia: a review of current pathophysiology and implications for clinical practice","volume":"365","author":"Thanapholsart","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12631","article-title":"Dysregulation of epicardial adipose tissue in cachexia due to heart failure: the role of natriuretic peptides and cardiolipin","volume":"11","author":"Janovska","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C834","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00579.2003","article-title":"The molecular basis of skeletal muscle atrophy","volume":"287","author":"Jackman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1009","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00438.2006","article-title":"Oxidative stress of myosin contributes to skeletal muscle dysfunction in rats with chronic heart failure","volume":"292","author":"Coirault","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.2174\/1570161053586868","article-title":"The emerging roles of leptin and ghrelin in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology","volume":"3","author":"Sharma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Vasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.904557","article-title":"Ubiquitin proteasome dysfunction in human hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies","volume":"121","author":"Predmore","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2006.08.018","article-title":"Nutrition, metabolism, and the complex pathophysiology of cachexia in chronic heart failure","volume":"73","author":"Von Haehling","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms\/208372","article-title":"Atherosclerotic features in patients with heart failure","volume":"21","author":"Ceasovschih","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(92)90068-x","article-title":"A coronary primary prevention study of Scottish men aged 45-64 years: trial design. The West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group","volume":"45","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9149(97)00347-0","article-title":"Design & rationale of the air force\/Texas coronary atherosclerosis prevention study (AFCAPS\/TexCAPS)","volume":"80","author":"Downs","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1089\/152460901317193549","article-title":"Air Force\/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS\/TexCAPS): efficacy and tolerability of long-term treatment with lovastatin in women","volume":"10","author":"Clearfield","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Womens Health Gend Based Med"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1177\/204748730000700207","article-title":"Air Force\/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS\/TexCAPS): baseline characteristics and comparison with USA population","volume":"7","author":"Clearfield","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Risk"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2004.01401.x","article-title":"Baseline characteristics in the Collaborative AtoRvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS) in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"21","author":"Thomason","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(91)90276-q","article-title":"Rationale and design of a secondary prevention trial of lowering normal plasma cholesterol levels after acute myocardial infarction: the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events trial (CARE)","volume":"68","author":"Sacks","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199610033351401","article-title":"The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial investigators","volume":"335","author":"Sacks","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08351-4","article-title":"Long-term effectiveness and safety of pravastatin in 9014 patients with coronary heart disease and average cholesterol concentrations: the LIPID trial follow-up","volume":"359","author":"LIPID Study Group (Long-term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease)","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199811053391902","article-title":"Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels","volume":"339","author":"Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9149(99)80133-7","article-title":"Design features and baseline characteristics of the LIPID (Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischemic Disease) study: a randomized trial in patients with previous acute myocardial infarction and\/or unstable angina pectoris","volume":"76","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0807646","article-title":"Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein","volume":"359","author":"Ridker","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.2337\/dc05-2415","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of atorvastatin in the prevention of cardiovascular end points in subjects with type 2 diabetes: the atorvastatin study for prevention of coronary heart disease endpoints in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (ASPEN)","volume":"29","author":"Knopp","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09327-3","article-title":"MRC\/BHF heart protection study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"360","author":"Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2998","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.23.2998","article-title":"The antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial. Major outcomes in moderately hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive patients randomized to pravastatin vs usual care: the antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial (ALLHAT-LLT)","volume":"288","author":"ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-7061(96)00037-4","article-title":"Rationale and design for the antihypertensive and lipid lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial (ALLHAT). ALLHAT Research Group","volume":"9","author":"Davis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12948-0","article-title":"Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial--Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial","volume":"361","author":"Sever","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.5.1151","article-title":"Reduction in cardiovascular events with atorvastatin in 2,532 patients with type 2 diabetes: Anglo-Scandinavian cardiac outcomes trial--lipid-lowering arm (ASCOT-LLA)","volume":"28","author":"Sever","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69472-5","article-title":"Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with pravastatin in Japan (MEGA study): a prospective randomised controlled trial","volume":"368","author":"Nakamura","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.68.860","article-title":"Design and baseline characteristics of a study of primary prevention of coronary events with pravastatin among Japanese with mildly elevated cholesterol levels","volume":"68","author":"Management of Elevated Cholesterol in the Primary Prevention Group of Adult Japanese (MEGA) Study Group","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043545","article-title":"Atorvastatin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing hemodialysis","volume":"353","author":"Wanner","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2005.09.005","article-title":"A statin in the treatment of heart failure? Controlled rosuvastatin multinational study in heart failure (CORONA): study design and baseline characteristics","volume":"7","author":"Kjekshus","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706201","article-title":"Rosuvastatin in older patients with systolic heart failure","volume":"357","author":"Kjekshus","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvab048","article-title":"Subgroup analyses in randomized clinical trials: value and limitations. Review #3 on important aspects of randomized clinical trials in cardiovascular pharmacotherapy","volume":"8","author":"Drexel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.247","article-title":"Do statins reduce the risk of myocardial infarction in patients with heart failure? A pooled individual-level reanalysis of CORONA and GISSI-HF","volume":"17","author":"Feinstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000163840.63685.0c","article-title":"Statins reduce interleukin-6\u2013induced C-reactive protein in human hepatocytes","volume":"25","author":"Arnaud","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.07.092","article-title":"The effects of atorvastatin (10 mg) on systemic inflammation in heart failure","volume":"96","author":"Mozaffarian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.9.178","article-title":"The effect of statins on mRNA levels of genes related to inflammation, coagulation, and vascular constriction in HUVEC","volume":"9","author":"Morikawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Atheroscler Thromb"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2290","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs077","article-title":"Galectin-3 predicts response to statin therapy in the controlled rosuvastatin multinational trial in heart failure (CORONA)","volume":"33","author":"Gullestad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13195844","article-title":"Prognostic impact of statins in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"13","author":"Ortega-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2024.100869","article-title":"Initiation of statins for primary prevention in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"3","author":"Orkaby","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC Adv"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv072","article-title":"The effect of statin therapy on heart failure events: a collaborative meta-analysis of unpublished data from major randomized trials","volume":"36","author":"Preiss","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.625574","article-title":"Effect of high-dose atorvastatin on hospitalizations for heart failure: subgroup analysis of the Treating to New Targets (TNT) study","volume":"115","author":"Khush","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/s1071-9164(97)90022-1","article-title":"The effects of simvastatin on the incidence of heart failure in patients with coronary heart disease","volume":"3","author":"Kjekshus","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.03.034","article-title":"Intensive statin therapy and the risk of hospitalization for heart failure after an acute coronary syndrome in the PROVE IT-TIMI 22 study","volume":"47","author":"Scirica","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2024.02.017","article-title":"The EAT-lancet diet Index, plasma proteins, and risk of heart failure in a population-based cohort","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab804","article-title":"Alirocumab after acute coronary syndrome in patients with a history of heart failure","volume":"43","author":"White","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1615664","article-title":"Evolocumab and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease","volume":"376","author":"Sabatine","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.011","article-title":"Effect of evolocumab on Complex coronary disease requiring revascularization","volume":"77","author":"Oyama","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.024999","article-title":"Impact of icosapent ethyl on cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with heart failure in REDUCE-IT","volume":"11","author":"Selvaraj","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61239-8","article-title":"Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with chronic heart failure (the GISSI-HF trial): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"372","author":"Tavazzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2004.03.001","article-title":"Rationale and design of the GISSI heart failure trial: a large trial to assess the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and rosuvastatin in symptomatic congestive heart failure","volume":"6","author":"Tavazzi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2215024","article-title":"Bempedoic acid and cardiovascular outcomes in statin-intolerant patients","volume":"388","author":"Nissen","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2020.10.060","article-title":"Rationale and design of the CLEAR-outcomes trial: evaluating the effect of bempedoic acid on cardiovascular events in patients with statin intolerance","volume":"235","author":"Nicholls","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1410489","article-title":"Ezetimibe added to statin therapy after acute coronary syndromes","volume":"372","author":"Cannon","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-24-0536","article-title":"Addition of Ezetimibe to intensive lipid-lowering therapy is associated with a lower incidence of heart failure in patients with acute coronary syndrome","volume":"88","author":"Yoshikawa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2264","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx162","article-title":"Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol targeting with pitavastatin + ezetimibe for patients with acute coronary syndrome and dyslipidaemia: the HIJ-PROPER study, a prospective, open-label, randomized trial","volume":"38","author":"Hagiwara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.9696","article-title":"Bempedoic acid for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in statin-intolerant patients","volume":"330","author":"Nissen","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487319864671","article-title":"Bempedoic acid plus ezetimibe fixed-dose combination in patients with hypercholesterolemia and high CVD risk treated with maximally tolerated statin therapy","volume":"27","author":"Ballantyne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvad052","article-title":"Cardiovascular events in patients treated with bempedoic acid vs. Placebo: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Mutschlechner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-013-0310-3","article-title":"Potential of proprotein convertase subtilisin\/kexin type 9 based therapeutics","volume":"15","author":"Stein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9820","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903849106","article-title":"A proprotein convertase subtilisin\/kexin type 9 neutralizing antibody reduces serum cholesterol in mice and nonhuman primates","volume":"106","author":"Chan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1161","article-title":"Mutations in PCSK9 cause autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia","volume":"34","author":"Abifadel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60771-5","article-title":"Effect of a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9, REGN727\/SAR236553, to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia on stable statin dose with or without ezetimibe therapy: a phase 2 randomised controlle","volume":"380","author":"Stein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2408","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.144055","article-title":"Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering effects of AMG 145, a monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin\/kexin type 9 serine protease in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: the reduction of LDL-C with PCSK9 inhibiti","volume":"126","author":"Raal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1201832","article-title":"Atorvastatin with or without an antibody to PCSK9 in primary hypercholesterolemia","volume":"367","author":"Roth","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvad019","article-title":"The efficacy of PCSK9 inhibitors on major cardiovascular events and lipid profile in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"9","author":"Imbalzano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1801174","article-title":"Alirocumab and cardiovascular outcomes after acute coronary syndrome","volume":"379","author":"Schwartz","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2018.03.088","article-title":"Cardiovascular event reduction with PCSK9 inhibition among 1578 patients with familial hypercholesterolemia: results from the SPIRE randomized trials of bococizumab","volume":"12","author":"Ridker","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.061620","article-title":"Long-term evolocumab in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease","volume":"146","author":"O\u2019Donoghue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200197","article-title":"Lower low density lipoprotein cholesterol associates to higher mortality in non-diabetic heart failure patients","volume":"18","author":"Gouveia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol Cardiovasc Risk Prev"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3078","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab431","article-title":"PCSK9 deficiency rewires heart metabolism and drives heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"42","author":"Da Dalt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.11.039","article-title":"Reverse epidemiology of conventional cardiovascular risk factors in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"43","author":"Kalantar-Zadeh","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00353-9","article-title":"Long-term efficacy and safety of inclisiran in patients with high cardiovascular risk and elevated LDL cholesterol (ORION-3): results from the 4-year open-label extension of the ORION-1 trial","volume":"11","author":"Ray","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7573\/dic.2023-12-3","article-title":"Inclisiran for the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia","volume":"13","author":"Marrs","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drugs Context"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1912387","article-title":"Two phase 3 trials of inclisiran in patients with elevated LDL cholesterol","volume":"382","author":"Ray","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-1491","article-title":"Inclisiran lowers LDL-C and PCSK9 irrespective of diabetes Status: the ORION-1 randomized clinical trial","volume":"42","author":"Leiter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.10.007","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of inclisiran for treatment of hypercholesterolemia in 7 clinical trials","volume":"82","author":"Wright","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1586\/erc.09.70","article-title":"Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and rosuvastatin in patients with heart failure: results of the GISSI-HF trial","volume":"7","author":"Marchioli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2511002","article-title":"A placebo-controlled trial of the oral PCSK9 inhibitor enlicitide","volume":"394","author":"Navar","year":"2026","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000054658.91146.64","article-title":"Cholesteryl ester transfer protein","volume":"23","author":"Barter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199011013231803","article-title":"Increased high-density lipoprotein levels caused by a common cholesteryl-ester transfer protein gene mutation","volume":"323","author":"Inazu","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1706444","article-title":"Effects of anacetrapib in patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease","volume":"377","author":"HPS3\/TIMI55\u2013REVEAL Collaborative Group","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01936-7","article-title":"Lipid lowering effects of the CETP inhibitor obicetrapib in combination with high-intensity statins: a randomized phase 2 trial","volume":"28","author":"Nicholls","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2025.03.019","article-title":"Design and rationale of lp(a)HORIZON trial: assessing the effect of lipoprotein(a) lowering with pelacarsen on Major cardiovascular events in patients with CVD and elevated Lp(a)","volume":"287","author":"Cho","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rec.2024.05.017","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of bempedoic acid in acute coronary syndrome. Design of the clinical trial ES-BempeDACS","volume":"78","author":"Raposeiras-Roub\u00edn","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.308952","article-title":"Prognostic determinants of coronary atherosclerosis in stable ischemic heart disease","volume":"119","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeag040","article-title":"Coronary atherosclerosis: plaque volume determines long-term prognosis","volume":"27","author":"Schmermund","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjopen\/oeab039","article-title":"High-intensity statin treatment is associated with reduced plaque structural stress and remodelling of artery geometry and plaque architecture","volume":"1","author":"Gu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Open"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2021.05.009","article-title":"Advanced heart failure epidemiology and outcomes","volume":"9","author":"Dunlay","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.6084","article-title":"Evaluation of time to benefit of statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events in adults aged 50 to 75 years","volume":"181","author":"Yourman","year":"2021  1","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf784.1185","article-title":"Investigation of biomarker response to SGLT2 inhibition in heart failure (SiN-HF)","volume":"46","author":"Savage","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.01.014","article-title":"Inflammation in heart failure","volume":"75","author":"Murphy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2922","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000099124.84425.BB","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use is associated with reduced plasma concentration of C-reactive protein in patients with first-ever ischemic stroke","volume":"34","author":"Di Napoli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1054\/jcaf.2002.0804216","article-title":"Low serum total cholesterol is associated with marked increase in mortality in advanced heart failure","volume":"8","author":"Horwich","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01827-2","article-title":"Statins and chronic heart failure: do we need a large-scale outcome trial?","volume":"39","author":"Krum","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-122-2-199501150-00010","article-title":"Effects of antihypertensive therapy on serum lipids","volume":"122","author":"Kasiske","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-011-0214-z","article-title":"Lipid effects of antihypertensive medications","volume":"14","author":"Deano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S260","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-198400061-00041","article-title":"Effects of treatment with diuretics on serum lipoproteins","volume":"6","author":"Weidmann","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.6.551","article-title":"Diuretics and beta-blockers do not have adverse effects at 1 year on plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles in men with hypertension. Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group on antihypertensive agents","volume":"159","author":"Lakshman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12b","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9149(97)89233-8","article-title":"A comparison of blood lipid and blood pressure responses during the treatment of systemic hypertension with indapamide and with thiazides","volume":"77","author":"Ames","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.139592","article-title":"Impact of abdominal obesity on incidence of adverse metabolic effects associated with antihypertensive medications","volume":"55","author":"Cooper-DeHoff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200124150-00006","article-title":"Metabolic profile of indapamide sustained-release in patients with hypertension: data from three randomised double-blind studies","volume":"24","author":"Weidmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26B","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(91)90817-5","article-title":"Antihypertensive agents, serum lipoproteins and glucose metabolism","volume":"67","author":"Ferrari","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71S","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9343(96)00270-7","article-title":"Metabolic manifestations of low-dose diuretics","volume":"101","author":"Neutel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/tpj.2013.3","article-title":"Genome-wide association analyses suggest NELL1 influences adverse metabolic response to HCTZ in African Americans","volume":"14","author":"Del-Aguila","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics J"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.13.1461","article-title":"Fluctuations in blood lipid levels during furosemide therapy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study","volume":"158","author":"Campbell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1080\/08037051.2021.1880881","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of effects of spironolactone on blood pressure, glucose, lipids, renal function, fibrosis and inflammation in patients with hypertension and diabetes","volume":"30","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Press"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2009.03483.x","article-title":"Short term effects of spironolactone on blood lipid profile: a 3-month study on a cohort of young women with hirsutism","volume":"68","author":"Nakhjavani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060093","article-title":"Differentiation of beta-blocker effects on serum lipids and apolipoproteins in hypertensive patients with normolipidaemic or dyslipidaemic profiles","volume":"13","author":"Vyssoulis","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2003.09.001","article-title":"Vasodilating beta-adrenoceptor blockers as cardiovascular therapeutics","volume":"100","author":"Toda","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2008.00927.x","article-title":"Comparison of carvedilol and metoprolol on serum lipid concentration in diabetic hypertensive patients","volume":"11","author":"Bell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B147","first-page":"109","article-title":"Serum lipoprotein profile under different antihypertensive therapy","volume":"12","author":"Youssef","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.10294","article-title":"Modulation of metabolic control by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition","volume":"196","author":"Henriksen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-000-0040-0","article-title":"Mechanism of differential effects of antihypertensive agents on serum lipids","volume":"2","author":"Brook","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2016.1176015","article-title":"Telmisartan: a multifaceted antihypertension drug","volume":"32","author":"Rizos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13453","article-title":"Digoxin reduces atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice","volume":"173","author":"Shi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117236","article-title":"SGLT2-inhibition increases total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol and lowers triglycerides: meta-analyses of 60 randomized trials, overall and by dose, ethnicity, and drug type. Atherosclerosis","volume":"394","author":"Bechmann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-024-01572-0","article-title":"Impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on lipoproteins in type 2 diabetes","volume":"25","author":"Corral","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.106667","article-title":"Neutral effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on lipoprotein metabolism: from clinical evidence to molecular mechanisms","volume":"188","author":"Osto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105068","article-title":"Effect of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors on lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 48 randomized controlled trials","volume":"160","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.118.311339","article-title":"Mechanism of increased LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and decreased triglycerides with SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibition","volume":"38","author":"Basu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02539-x","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibition and adipose tissue metabolism: current outlook and perspectives","volume":"23","author":"Morciano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2415820","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of obicetrapib in patients at high cardiovascular risk","volume":"393","author":"Nicholls","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026081706514854500_pvag033-B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.20620","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of oral PCSK9 inhibitor enlicitide in adults with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"335","author":"Ballantyne","year":"2026","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcvp\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvag033\/68246837\/pvag033.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcvp\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvag033\/68246837\/pvag033.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcvp\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvag033\/68246837\/pvag033.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T10:51:56Z","timestamp":1786963916000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcvp\/article\/12\/5\/390\/8672546"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"references-count":159,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvag033","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-6837","2055-6845"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-6837","type":"print"},{"value":"2055-6845","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]}}}