{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T18:54:47Z","timestamp":1770836087238,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]],"date-time":"2019-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Acute ventricular dysfunction (AVD) is a complex condition with substantial morbidity and mortality, still featuring unique therapeutic challenges. Levosimendan is a calcium sensitizer and ATP-dependent potassium channel opener that was developed as an inodilating drug for the treatment of acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock. Differently from other more widely used inotropic agents, levosimendan has some exclusive characteristics, in terms of mechanisms of action, pharmacodynamic profile, and haemodynamic effects. This may have important clinical implications. In particular, in patients with AVD or in patients with pre-existing severe ventricular impairment undergoing planned myocardial stress, the administration of levosimendan before the onset of overt symptoms or before cardiovascular therapeutic procedures may have the potential to bridge the patient through the critical phase. In this review, we will focus on the rationale, the existing experimental data, and the emerging clinical experience supporting an early, even preventive use of levosimendan in severe ventricular dysfunction, beyond its recognized indications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvz065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T12:52:58Z","timestamp":1572612778000},"page":"310-316","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Rationale, experimental data, and emerging clinical evidence on early and preventive use of levosimendan in patients with ventricular dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Nicola","family":"Cosentino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Cardiologico Monzino, I.R.C.C.S, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3187-6262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giampaolo","family":"Niccoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular & Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, I.R.C.C.S, Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Fracassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular & Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, I.R.C.C.S, Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Rebuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular & Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, I.R.C.C.S, Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piergiuseppe","family":"Agostoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Cardiologico Monzino, I.R.C.C.S, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health \u2013 Cardiovascular Section, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4410-4461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Marenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Cardiologico Monzino, I.R.C.C.S, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020101416045479600_pvz065-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw128","article-title":"2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC","volume":"37","author":"Ponikowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2020101416045479600_pvz065-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl193","article-title":". 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