{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:08:05Z","timestamp":1790107685428,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Leipzig Heart Study was supported by the Roland Ernst Foundation"},{"name":"LIFE\u2014Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008678","name":"Leipzig University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008678","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a rapidly growing global health problem. To date, diagnosis of HFpEF is based on clinical, invasive, and laboratory examinations. Electrocardiographic findings may vary, and there are no known typical ECG features for HFpEF.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study included two patient cohorts. In the derivation cohort, we included n\u2009=\u20091884 patients who presented with exertional dyspnoea or equivalent and preserved ejection fraction (\u226550%) and clinical suspicion for coronary artery disease. The ECGs were divided in segments, yielding a total of 77 558 samples. We trained a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify HFpEF and control patients according to European Society of Cardiology (ESC) criteria. An external group of 203 volunteers in a prospective heart failure screening programme served as a validation cohort of the CNN. The external validation of the CNN yielded an area under the curve of 0.80 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74\u20130.86] for detection of HFpEF according to ESC criteria, with a sensitivity of 0.99 (95% CI 0.98\u20130.99) and a specificity of 0.60 (95% CI 0.56\u20130.64), with a positive predictive value of 0.68 (95%CI 0.64\u20130.72) and a negative predictive value of 0.98 (95% CI 0.95\u20130.99).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this study, we report the first deep learning-enabled CNN for identifying patients with HFpEF according to ESC criteria including NT-proBNP measurements in the diagnostic algorithm among patients at risk. The suitability of the CNN was validated on an external validation cohort of patients at risk for developing heart failure, showing a convincing screening performance.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjdh\/ztab081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T18:17:26Z","timestamp":1631902646000},"page":"699-703","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Deep learning detects heart failure with preserved ejection fraction using a baseline electrocardiogram"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8175-276X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Unterhuber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University Leipzig , Str\u00fcmpellstra\u00dfe 39, 04289 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2901-8138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl-Philipp","family":"Rommel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University Leipzig , Str\u00fcmpellstra\u00dfe 39, 04289 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8616-6751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl-Patrik","family":"Kresoja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University Leipzig , Str\u00fcmpellstra\u00dfe 39, 04289 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Lurz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University Leipzig , Str\u00fcmpellstra\u00dfe 39, 04289 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jelena","family":"Kornej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA 02118"},{"name":"LIFE Research Center of Civilization Diseases , Philipp-Rosenthal-Stra\u00dfe, 27 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Hindricks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University Leipzig , Str\u00fcmpellstra\u00dfe 39, 04289 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Leipzig Heart Institute , Russenstra\u00dfe 69A, 04289 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4059-1779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Scholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIFE Research Center of Civilization Diseases , Philipp-Rosenthal-Stra\u00dfe, 27 04103 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Universit\u00e4t Leipzig H\u00e4rtelstra\u00dfe, 16-18 04107 Leipzig , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0169-998X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holger","family":"Thiele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University Leipzig , Str\u00fcmpellstra\u00dfe 39, 04289 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Leipzig Heart Institute , Russenstra\u00dfe 69A, 04289 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Lurz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University Leipzig , Str\u00fcmpellstra\u00dfe 39, 04289 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Leipzig Heart Institute , Russenstra\u00dfe 69A, 04289 Leipzig, 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Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"40","author":"Pieske","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2022111811355016600_ztab081-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.034646","article-title":"A simple, evidence-based approach to help guide diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"138","author":"Reddy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022111811355016600_ztab081-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0240-2","article-title":"Screening for cardiac contractile dysfunction using an artificial intelligence\u2013enabled electrocardiogram","volume":"25","author":"Attia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2022111811355016600_ztab081-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31721-0","article-title":"An artificial intelligence-enabled ECG algorithm for the identification of patients with 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