{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T01:08:06Z","timestamp":1790384886181,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CH\/1999001\/11735"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CH\/1999001\/11735"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG\/20\/3\/34823"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG\/20\/3\/34823"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RE\/18\/2\/34213"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RE\/18\/2\/34213"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024475","name":"A.M.S.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CC\/22\/250022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CC\/22\/250022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024475","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"R.J.D.B."},{"name":"J.T.T."},{"name":"K.O."},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015544","name":"King\u2019s College Hospital Charity","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D3003\/122022\/Shah\/1188"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D3003\/122022\/Shah\/1188"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015544","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"British Heart Foundation Adrian Beecroft Cardiovascular Catalyst","award":["CC\/22\/250022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CC\/22\/250022"]}]},{"name":"British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000764","name":"King\u2019s College London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000764","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Medical Research Council Clinician Scientist Fellowship","award":["MR\/Y001311\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/Y001311\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aortic stenosis (AS) is a condition marked by high morbidity and mortality in severe, symptomatic cases without intervention via transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) or surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). Racial and ethnic disparities in access to these treatments have been documented, particularly in North America, where socioeconomic factors such as health insurance confound analyses. This study evaluates disparities in AS management across racial and ethnic groups, accounting for socioeconomic deprivation, using an artificial intelligence (AI) framework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a natural language processing pipeline to analyse both structured and unstructured data from &amp;gt; 1 million patients at a London hospital. Key variables included age, sex, self-reported race and ethnicity, AS severity, and socioeconomic status. The primary outcomes were rates of valvular intervention and all-cause mortality. Among 6967 patients with AS, Black patients were younger, more symptomatic, and more comorbid than White patients. Black patients with objective evidence of AS on echocardiography were less likely to receive a clinical diagnosis than White patients. In severe AS, TAVI and SAVR procedures were performed at lower rates among Black patients than among White patients, with a longer time to SAVR. In multivariate analysis of severe AS, controlling for socioeconomic status, Black patients experienced higher mortality (hazard ratio = 1.42, 95% confidence interval = 1.05\u20131.92, P = 0.02).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An AI framework characterizes racial and ethnic disparities in AS management, which persist in a universal healthcare system, highlighting targets for future healthcare interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjdh\/ztaf018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T16:21:19Z","timestamp":1741969279000},"page":"392-403","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Racial and ethnic disparities in aortic stenosis within a universal healthcare system characterized by natural language processing for targeted intervention"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Dhruva","family":"Biswas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, The James Black Centre, King\u2019s College London , 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, CT ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, The James Black Centre, King\u2019s College London , 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2173-1251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sam","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, The James Black Centre, King\u2019s College London , 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apurva","family":"Bharucha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, The James Black Centre, King\u2019s College London , 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Fairhurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Kaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South London Office of Specialised Services, South London Cardiovascular Network, London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Freya Parker","family":"Copeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South London Office of Specialised Services, South London Cardiovascular Network, London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bethan","family":"O\u2019Donnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South London Office of Specialised Services, South London Cardiovascular Network, London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Kyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South London Office of Specialised Services, South London Cardiovascular Network, London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Searle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, The James Black Centre, King\u2019s College London , 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilesh","family":"Pareek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, The James Black Centre, King\u2019s College London , 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafal","family":"Dworakowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, The James Black Centre, King\u2019s College London , 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7606-118X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandros","family":"Papachristidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, The James Black Centre, King\u2019s College London , 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narbeh","family":"Melikian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, The James Black Centre, King\u2019s College London , 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7494-5774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olaf","family":"Wendler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranjit","family":"Deshpande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, The James Black Centre, King\u2019s College London , 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Baghai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, The James Black Centre, King\u2019s College London , 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1230-2781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Galloway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Rheumatic Disease, King\u2019s College London, London ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James T","family":"Teo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, King\u2019s College London , London ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Dobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, King\u2019s College London , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, The James Black Centre, King\u2019s College London , 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"MacCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, The James Black Centre, King\u2019s College London , 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6547-0631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ajay M","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, The James Black Centre, King\u2019s College London , 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Eskandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, The James Black Centre, King\u2019s College London , 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2218-4763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"O\u2019Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, The James Black Centre, King\u2019s College London , 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.041080","article-title":"Contemporary presentation and management of valvular heart disease: the EUrobservational research programme valvular heart disease II survey","volume":"140","author":"Iung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.08.004","article-title":"Poor long-term survival in patients with moderate aortic stenosis","volume":"74","author":"Strange","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab395","article-title":"2021 ESC\/EACTS guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease","volume":"43","author":"Vahanian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2021.4641","article-title":"Racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in access to transcatheter aortic valve replacement within major metropolitan areas","volume":"7","author":"Nathan","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e015879","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.015879","article-title":"Racial differences in the use of aortic valve replacement for treatment of symptomatic severe aortic valve stenosis in the transcatheter aortic valve replacement era","volume":"9","author":"Matthew Brennan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25692","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.025692","article-title":"Racial and ethnic differences in the clinical diagnosis of aortic stenosis","volume":"11","author":"Crousillat","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-016-0325-x","article-title":"Socioeconomic and racial disparities: a case-control study of patients receiving transcatheter aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis","volume":"4","author":"Sleder","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Health Disparities"},{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2400685","article-title":"Transcatheter or surgical treatment of aortic-valve stenosis","volume":"390","author":"Blankenberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.08.1035","article-title":"Aortic valve stenosis treatment disparities in the underserved: JACC council perspectives","volume":"74","author":"Batchelor","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjdh\/ztae008","article-title":"Using natural language processing for automated classification of disease and to identify misclassified ICD codes in cardiac disease","volume":"5","author":"Falter","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Digit Health"},{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjdh\/ztac047","article-title":"Automated interpretation of stress echocardiography reports using natural language processing","volume":"3","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Digit Health"},{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-018-0623-9","article-title":"CogStack\u2014experiences of deploying integrated information retrieval and extraction services in a large National Health Service Foundation Trust hospital","volume":"18","author":"Jackson","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2021.102083","article-title":"Multi-domain clinical natural language processing with MedCAT: the medical concept annotation toolkit","volume":"117","author":"Kraljevic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Artif Intell Med"},{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B14","author":"Searle"},{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2016.35","article-title":"MIMIC-III, a freely accessible critical care database","volume":"3","author":"Johnson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Data"},{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B16","author":"The English Indices of Deprivation 2019"},{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G19","DOI":"10.1530\/ERP-20-0035","article-title":"Echocardiographic assessment of aortic stenosis: a practical guideline from the British Society of Echocardiography","volume":"8","author":"Ring","year":"2021","journal-title":"Echo Res Pract"},{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.11.051","article-title":"Prevalence of mitral valve prolapse and congenital bicuspid aortic valves in black and white patients undergoing cardiac valve operations","volume":"111","author":"Novaro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2023.100356","article-title":"Comorbidities and symptom status in moderate and severe aortic stenosis: a multicenter clinical cohort study","volume":"2","author":"Playford","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Adv"},{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001783","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2021-001783","article-title":"Uncovering the treatable burden of severe aortic stenosis in the UK","volume":"9","author":"Strange","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000879","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.000879","article-title":"Racial differences in the prevalence of severe aortic stenosis","volume":"3","author":"Patel","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.122169","article-title":"Perceptions of chest pain differ by race","volume":"144","author":"Klingler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.194878","article-title":"Hypertension in aortic stenosis implications for left ventricular structure and cardiovascular events","volume":"60","author":"Rieck","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e454","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000936","article-title":"Call to action: structural racism as a fundamental driver of health disparities: a presidential advisory from the American Heart Association","volume":"142","author":"Churchwell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e033872","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.033872","article-title":"Moderate aortic valve stenosis is associated with increased mortality rate and lifetime loss: systematic review and meta-analysis of reconstructed time-to-event data of 409 680 patients","volume":"13","author":"Jacquemyn","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.02.005","article-title":"Cluster-randomized trial comparing ambulatory decision support tools to improve heart failure care","volume":"81","author":"Mukhopadhyay","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.27257","article-title":"Comparative outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement in African American and Caucasian patients with severe aortic stenosis","volume":"91","author":"Alqahtani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.25535","article-title":"Outcome comparison of African-American and Caucasian patients with severe aortic stenosis subjected to transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a single-center experience","volume":"85","author":"Minha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.13304","article-title":"Updated guidance on the reporting of race and ethnicity in medical and science journals","volume":"326","author":"Flanagin","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2023.2098","article-title":"Enrollment of older patients, women, and racial and ethnic minority individuals in valvular heart disease clinical trials: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Reddy","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.3115","article-title":"Artificial intelligence methods for improved detection of undiagnosed heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)","volume":"26","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2336383","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.36383","article-title":"Differences in health professionals\u2019 engagement with electronic health records based on inpatient race and ethnicity","volume":"6","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2021.01423","article-title":"Negative patient descriptors: documenting racial bias in the electronic health record","volume":"41","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"key":"2025052713282296500_ztaf018-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2017.04.048","article-title":"Comparison of frequency of referral to cardiothoracic surgery for aortic valve disease in blacks, Hispanics, and whites","volume":"120","author":"Cruz Rodriguez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"}],"container-title":["European Heart Journal - Digital Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjdh\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ehjdh\/ztaf018\/62435842\/ztaf018.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjdh\/article-pdf\/6\/3\/392\/62435842\/ztaf018.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjdh\/article-pdf\/6\/3\/392\/62435842\/ztaf018.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T13:28:34Z","timestamp":1748352514000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjdh\/article\/6\/3\/392\/8083053"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjdh\/ztaf018","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2023.12.15.23300011","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2634-3916"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2634-3916","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]}}}