{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:49:05Z","timestamp":1782175745729,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite lung ultrasound (LUS) gaining consensus for the diagnosis of pulmonary complication in paediatric acute care setting and in adult cardiology, its use in paediatric cardiology remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of the present investigation is to provide an expert opinion on the applications of LUS in neonates and children with congenital heart disease, with a special focus on the post-surgical period.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A complete guide for identification of landmarks and major signs (A and B lines) and their characteristics is provided. Diagnostic criteria, tips, and tricks for the diagnosis, and differential diagnosis of common pulmonary diseases such as pleural effusion, pneumonia, and consolidation are provided. To perform diagnosis of pneumothorax is illustrated. Applications of LUS for evaluation of hemidiaphragm motility and for a comprehensive assessment of retrosternal area are also discussed. The use of LUS for guidance of minor, common interventional procedures such as lung recruitment and drainage insertion is also described. The report also highlights current gaps of knowledge, including the difficulty for quantitative estimation of pleural effusion and atelectasis, and future prospective.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There is sufficient evidence to support a systematic use of LUS for the diagnosis and follow-up of neonates and children with cardiac disease especially those undergoing paediatric cardiac surgery. LUS is an easy, accurate, fast, cheap, and radiation-free tool that should become a routine in daily practice.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjimp\/qyae134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T13:51:27Z","timestamp":1736776287000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Lung ultrasound in neonates and children with cardiac diseases with focus on post cardiac surgical period: time for systematic use\u2014an expert opinion report by the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology Imaging Working Group"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Cantinotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione CNR-Regione Toscana G. Monasterio (FTGM) , Ospedale del Cuore , via Aurelia Sud, Massa, Pisa 54100 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0305-0113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Di Salvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Woman and Children\u2019s Health Department, University of Padua, Experimental Cardiology, Paediatric Research Institute (IRP) , Padua ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inga","family":"Voges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Congenital Cardiology and Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital SchleswigHolstein , Campus Kiel, Kiel ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg\/Greifswald\/Kiel\/L\u00fcbeck , Kiel ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Raimondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald","family":"Greil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division Paediatric Cardiology, UT Southwestern , Dallas, TX ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Almudena Ortiz","family":"Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Paediatric Cardiology , Malaga, Andalucia ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heynric B","family":"Grotenhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Paediatric Cardiology, Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital\/UMCU , Utrecht ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0337-9338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colin J","family":"McMahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Paediatric Cardiology, Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital\/UMCU , Utrecht ,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department Paediatric Cardiology, Children\u2019s Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin 12, University School of Medicine, University College, Dublin 4 ,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025022107580269300_qyae134-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15605","article-title":"Lung ultrasound compared with bedside chest radiography in a paediatric cardiac intensive care unit","volume":"110","author":"Hasan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta 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