{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T11:49:53Z","timestamp":1753876193271,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":124,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to establish 2D and M-mode echocardiographic reference values for cardiac chambers, outflow tracts, and great vessels for school children living at high altitudes, differentiated between males and females.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This post hoc analysis included children with normal echocardiography from a cluster randomized cross-sectional survey of rheumatic heart disease among school children in Peru. The echocardiograms were acquired with a portable machine and the images were analysed centrally with a standardized methodology. Body surface area (BSA) was used as an independent variable to predict the mean values of echocardiographic measurements for both male and female groups. Reference values are presented on z-scores and nomograms based on sex. Propensity score matching was used to compare sexes. A total of 985 students aged 5\u201316 years were included. The Haycock formula provided the best fit and was used when presenting data as predicted values for a given BSA. The z-score and nomograms for all essential parameters of cardiac chambers, great vessels, and functional surrogates are presented based on sex. The majority of the parameters were significantly different per sex after propensity score matching.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Normal reference values and nomograms of cardiac chambers, outflow tracts, and great arteries in healthy school children living at high altitudes based on sex were reported. These data partly addressed the existing gaps in paediatric echocardiographic nomograms.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjimp\/qyaf053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T23:31:51Z","timestamp":1746487911000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Echocardiographic nomograms in children living at high altitude according to sex"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Demeke","family":"Mekonnen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardialysis , Westblaak 98, 3012KM Rotterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8227-8094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire B","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardialysis , Westblaak 98, 3012KM Rotterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Cardiology Department, Erasmus University Medical Center , Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Mercado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Edmundo Escomel Hospital de EsSalud , Avenida Cayro, 04007 Arequipa ,","place":["Peru"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Garcia-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, University Hospital Virgen de la Victoria , Campus de Teatinos, Puerto de la Torre, 29010 Malaga ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga (IBIMA) , Severo Ochoa, 35, Campanillas, 29590 Malaga ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reto","family":"Kurmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Center Lucerne, Luzerner Kantonsspital , Spitalstrasse 34, 6004 Luzern ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic , 200 First St. SW. Rochester, MN 55905 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Z\u00fcrcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, SRO Spital Langenthal , St. Urbanstrasse 67, 4900 Langenthal ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Kr\u00e4henmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinics for Cardiology and Medical Intensive Care Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen , Rorschacher Str. 95, 9000 St. Gallen ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nassip","family":"Llerena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Carlos Alberto Seguin Escobedo Hospital , EsSalud, Esquina de Peral y El Filtro, 04001 Arequipa ,","place":["Peru"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Carlos Alberto Seguin Escobedo Hospital , EsSalud, Esquina de Peral y El Filtro, 04001 Arequipa ,","place":["Peru"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8721-4068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Pilgrim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Inselspital , Freiburgstrasse 20, 3010 Bern ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2371-5431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernest","family":"Spitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardialysis , Westblaak 98, 3012KM Rotterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Cardiology Department, Erasmus University Medical Center , Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD 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