{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T05:34:02Z","timestamp":1773293642808,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"British Heart Foundation Clinical Research Training Fellowship","award":["FS\/CRTF\/23\/24428"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FS\/CRTF\/23\/24428"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020","award":["825903"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["825903"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PG\/14\/89\/31194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PG\/14\/89\/31194"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"\u2018SmartHeart\u2019 EPSRC programme","award":["EP\/P001009\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/P001009\/1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/X020924\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/X020924\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research Barts Biomedical Research Centre","award":["NIHR203330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR203330"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) regionality carries diagnostic and prognostic importance. Mean absolute deviation of maximum segmental wall thickness (MadWT) is a novel left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT) heterogeneity biomarker from cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To compare MadWT to indexed LV mass (LVMi), maximum (MaxWT) and mean (MeanWT) wall thickness to predict incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and differentiate physiological from pathological LVH in highly physically active individuals.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Deep learning-assisted analysis of 44 930 UK Biobank CMR scans produced WT indices. Cox regression modelled major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), heart failure (HF), arrhythmia, and all-cause death against LVWT indices. In the top 1% most physically active biomarker differences between propensity score matched hypertensive and non-hypertensive groups were compared. Over median (Q1, Q3) follow-up of 5.7 (4.9, 7.1) years, MadWT, MaxWT, MeanWT, and LVMi were associated with greater risk of MACE, HF, arrhythmia (P &amp;lt; 0.05), but not all-cause death (P &amp;gt; 0.05). After adjusting for CMR biomarkers, including LVMi, MadWT remained independently prognostic of the greatest number of endpoints, including MACE, HF, and arrhythmia [HR 1.13 (1.04\u20131.23); HR 1.15 (1.01\u20131.32); and HR 1.26 (1.18\u20131.35) respectively]. In the top 1% most physically active by three metrics, MadWT was the only significantly different biomarker between hypertensive and non-hypertensive participants (P &amp;lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>MadWT is important prognostically beyond LV mass and may be useful when differentiating physiological from hypertensive LVH. Although findings require confirmation in athletic and diseased cohorts, MadWT is readily translatable to deep learning-assisted clinical CMR reporting, especially in early unexplained LVH.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjimp\/qyaf092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T04:41:53Z","timestamp":1752813713000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Left ventricular wall thickness heterogeneity improves cardiovascular disease diagnosis and prognosis: a UK Biobank cardiovascular magnetic resonance cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1155-0409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerrick","family":"Hesse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University London , Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Academic Cardiovascular Unit, James Cook University Hospital , Marton Road, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5903-4454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Y","family":"Khanji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University London , Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Newham University Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust , Glen Road, Plaistow, London E13 8SL ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust , West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7825-8827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C Anwar A","family":"Chahal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust , West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, WellSpan Health , Lancaster, PA ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Cardiac Electrophysiology, Cardiovascular Division, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4622-5160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steffen E","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University London , Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust , West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5095-1611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nay","family":"Aung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University London , Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust , West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025073006561871700_qyaf092-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.09.014","article-title":"The relationship of left ventricular mass and geometry to incident cardiovascular events: the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) study","volume":"52","author":"Bluemke","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2025073006561871700_qyaf092-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-110-2-101","article-title":"Left ventricular mass and incidence of coronary heart disease in an elderly cohort. 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