{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:23:06Z","timestamp":1786123386750,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this paper we are discussing the currently available tools in the diagnosis of angina with non-occlusive coronary artery disease (ANOCA) a potentially disabling condition that affects approximately 30\u201360% of patients with angina. With the advancement in ultrasound technology, multi-parametric stress echocardiography in combination with hyperventilation provocation echocardiography lends itself as a bedside, scalable, safe and cost-effective test to triage patients who may require downstream invasive functional coronary angiography. The review is providing with the critical appraisal of the current invasive and non-invasive imaging modalities before the proposal of a fully non-invasive echocardiography-based pathway to identify ANOCA endotypes to allow delivery of targeted therapy for symptom control to avoid recurrent hospital admissions and to monitor treatment effect to improve quality of life and prognosis in ANOCA patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjimp\/qyag129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T11:34:41Z","timestamp":1784460881000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A proposal of an echocardiography-based pathway for the diagnosis and management of angina with no obstructive coronary arteries: a state-of-the-art review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0231-7605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Attila","family":"Kardos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Translational Cardiovascular Research Group, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , 8H Standing Way, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes MK6 5LD ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Buckingham , Buckingham ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Bussmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Oxford University Hospital , Oxford ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford , Oxford ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INOCA International , Manchester ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3572-1855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni Luigi","family":"De Maria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Oxford University Hospital , Oxford ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"AMIIC Catheterization Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford Heart Centre\u2014Oxford University Hospital , Oxford ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2207-3388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Gaibazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Parma University Hospital , Parma ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmi124","article-title":"Chest pain in general practice: incidence, comorbidity and mortality","volume":"23","author":"Ruigomez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487312449415","article-title":"Socio-demographic variation in chest pain incidence and subsequent coronary heart disease in primary care in the United Kingdom","volume":"21","author":"Walters","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e78","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp09X407054","article-title":"Chest pain without established ischaemic heart disease in primary care patients: associated comorbidities and mortality","volume":"59","author":"Ruig\u00f3mez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B4","author":"Cairns"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B5","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3415","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae177","article-title":"2024 ESC guidelines for the management of chronic coronary syndromes: developed by the task force for the management of chronic coronary syndromes of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Endorsed by the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)","volume":"45","author":"Vrints","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.06.043","article-title":"Comprehensive management of ANOCA, part 1-definition, patient population, and diagnosis: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"82","author":"Samuels","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2880","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9092880","article-title":"Coronary microvascular dysfunction","volume":"9","author":"Vancheri","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.82.1.1","article-title":"Understanding the coronary circulation through studies at the microvascular level","volume":"82","author":"Marcus","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.121.316025","article-title":"Coronary microvascular Dysfunction","volume":"41","author":"Godo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005361","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.117.005361","article-title":"Invasive assessment of the coronary microvasculature: the index of microcirculatory resistance","volume":"10","author":"Fearon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacasi.2023.07.004","article-title":"Practical application of coronary physiologic assessment: Asia-Pacific Expert Consensus document: part 2","volume":"3","author":"Koo","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Asia"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacasi.2023.07.003","article-title":"Practical application of coronary physiologic assessment: Asia-Pacific Expert Consensus document: part 1","volume":"3","author":"Koo","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Asia"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.052","article-title":"2021 AHA\/ACC\/ASE\/CHEST\/SAEM\/SCCT\/SCMR guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"78","author":"Gulati","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2014.05.009","article-title":"Coronary flow velocity reserve during pharmacologic stress echocardiography with normal contractility adds important prognostic value in diabetic and nondiabetic patients","volume":"10","author":"Lowenstein","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.08.1046","article-title":"Functional, anatomical, and prognostic correlates of coronary flow velocity reserve during stress echocardiography","volume":"74","author":"Ciampi","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e666","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-21-00971","article-title":"Safety and prognostic relevance of acetylcholine testing in patients with stable myocardial ischaemia or myocardial infarction and non-obstructive coronary arteries","volume":"18","author":"Montone","year":"2022","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr331","article-title":"Stable angina pectoris with no obstructive coronary artery disease is associated with increased risks of major adverse cardiovascular events","volume":"33","author":"Jespersen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.14681","article-title":"Nonobstructive coronary artery disease and risk of myocardial infarction","volume":"312","author":"Maddox","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjqcco\/qcv034","article-title":"Natural history of patients with insignificant coronary artery disease","volume":"2","author":"Tavella","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2022.09.047","article-title":"Ischemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA): a patient self-report quality of life survey from INOCA international","volume":"371","author":"Gulati","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2022.12.015","article-title":"Myocardial perfusion PET for the detection and reporting of coronary microvascular dysfunction: a JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging expert panel statement","volume":"16","author":"Schindler","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-017-1084-4","article-title":"Myocardial perfusion imaging with PET","volume":"33","author":"Driessen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012369","article-title":"Abnormal subendocardial perfusion in cardiac syndrome X detected by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"346","author":"Panting","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2020.09.034","article-title":"Long-term prognosis of patients with coronary microvascular disease using stress perfusion cardiac magnetic resonance","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.114.002481","article-title":"Cardiac magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion reserve index is reduced in women with coronary microvascular dysfunction. A National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored study from the Women\u2019s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation","volume":"8","author":"Thomson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B27","first-page":"153","article-title":"Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging myocardial perfusion reserve index assessment in women with microvascular coronary dysfunction and reference controls","volume":"3","author":"Shufelt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diagn Ther"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.08.022","article-title":"Stress cardiac magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion imaging: JACC review topic of the week","volume":"78","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeab193","article-title":"How to do quantitative myocardial perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance","volume":"23","author":"Sharrack","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2019.09.006","article-title":"Cardiovascular imaging techniques to assess microvascular dysfunction","volume":"13","author":"Mathew","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2018.12.022","article-title":"Automated pixel-wise quantitative myocardial perfusion mapping by CMR to detect obstructive coronary artery disease and coronary microvascular dysfunction: validation against invasive coronary physiology","volume":"12","author":"Kotecha","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-017-0388-9","article-title":"Fully quantitative cardiovascular magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion ready for clinical use: a comparison between cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography","volume":"19","author":"Engblom","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.15059","article-title":"Echocardiographic assessment of coronary microvascular dysfunction: basic concepts, technical aspects, and clinical settings","volume":"38","author":"Carbone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-020-00535-7","article-title":"Evaluation of non-invasive imaging parameters in coronary microvascular disease: a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Groepenhoff","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Med Imaging"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2022.03.015","article-title":"Comparison of Doppler flow velocity and thermodilution derived indexes of coronary physiology","volume":"15","author":"Demir","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2024.08.003","article-title":"Agreement of Doppler flow velocity reserve with PET flow reserve in patients with angina without obstructive coronary arteries","volume":"99","author":"Ismayl","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2018.07.011","article-title":"Doppler flow velocity and thermodilution to assess coronary flow reserve: a head-to-head comparison with [15O]H2O PET","volume":"11","author":"Everaars","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2482","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000017199.09457.3D","article-title":"Coronary thermodilution to assess flow reserve: validation in humans","volume":"105","author":"Pijls","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00342-3","article-title":"Validation of a new noninvasive method (contrast-enhanced transthoracic second harmonic echo Doppler) for the evaluation of coronary flow reserve: comparison with intracoronary Doppler flow wire","volume":"34","author":"Caiati","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.11.004","article-title":"Transthoracic Doppler echocardiography compared with positron emission tomography for assessment of coronary microvascular dysfunction: the iPOWER study","volume":"228","author":"Michelsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0807611","article-title":"Fractional flow reserve versus angiography for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"360","author":"Tonino","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1205361","article-title":"Fractional flow reserve\u2013guided PCI versus medical therapy in stable coronary disease","volume":"367","author":"De Bruyne","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.12.019","article-title":"Absolute coronary blood flow measured by continuous thermodilution in patients with ischemia and nonobstructive disease","volume":"77","author":"Konst","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2018.07.011","article-title":"Doppler flow velocity and thermodilution to assess coronary flow reserve: a head-to-head comparison with [(15)O]H(2)O PET","volume":"11","author":"Everaars","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJV12I6A114","article-title":"Novel monorail infusion catheter for volumetric coronary blood flow measurement in humans: in vitro validation","volume":"12","author":"van\u2019t Veer","year":"2016","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2020.12.037","article-title":"Basics of coronary thermodilution","volume":"14","author":"Candreva","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.12.016","article-title":"Measurement of absolute coronary blood flow and microvascular resistance: a new window to coronary microcirculation","volume":"77","author":"Pijls","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.08.017","article-title":"Microvascular resistance reserve for assessment of coronary microvascular function: JACC technology corner","volume":"78","author":"De Bruyne","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.12.014","article-title":"Measuring absolute coronary flow and microvascular resistance by thermodilution","volume":"83","author":"Belmonte","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2021-320718","article-title":"Invasive coronary physiology in patients with angina and non-obstructive coronary artery disease: a consensus document from the coronary microvascular dysfunction workstream of the British Heart Foundation\/National Institute for Health Research Partnership","volume":"109","author":"Perera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3504","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa503","article-title":"An EAPCI expert consensus document on ischaemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries in collaboration with European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Coronary Pathophysiology & Microcirculation Endorsed by Coronary Vasomotor Disorders International Study Group","volume":"41","author":"Kunadian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e012568","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.122.012568","article-title":"Coronary microvascular disease in contemporary clinical practice","volume":"16","author":"Smilowitz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-22-00043","article-title":"Prognostic value of structural and functional coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease; from the multicentre international ILIAS registry","volume":"18","author":"Boerhout","year":"2022","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002857","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.115.002857","article-title":"Integrated physiologic assessment of ischemic heart disease in real-world practice using index of microcirculatory resistance and fractional flow reserve","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B55","first-page":"1063","article-title":"Prognostic value of the index of microcirculatory resistance after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome","volume":"92","author":"Murai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2436","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.000298","article-title":"Prognostic value of the index of microcirculatory resistance measured after primary percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"127","author":"Fearon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005409","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.005409","article-title":"Index of microcirculatory resistance at the time of primary percutaneous coronary intervention predicts early cardiac complications: insights from the OxAMI (Oxford study in acute myocardial infarction) cohort","volume":"6","author":"Fahrni","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.022603","article-title":"Comparative prognostic utility of indexes of microvascular function alone or in combination in patients with an acute ST-segment\u2013elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"134","author":"Carrick","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e672","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-20-01092","article-title":"Thermodilution-derived volumetric resting coronary blood flow measurement in humans","volume":"17","author":"Gallinoro","year":"2021","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e309","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-20-00684","article-title":"Normal values of thermodilution-derived absolute coronary blood flow and microvascular resistance in humans","volume":"17","author":"Fournier","year":"2021","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.03.005","article-title":"Coronary microvascular dysfunction assessed by continuous intracoronary thermodilution: a comparative study with index of microvascular resistance","volume":"333","author":"Rivero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2022.12.012","article-title":"Microvascular resistance reserve to assess microvascular dysfunction in ANOCA patients","volume":"16","author":"de Vos","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2862","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad378","article-title":"Microvascular resistance reserve: diagnostic and prognostic performance in the ILIAS registry","volume":"44","author":"Boerhout","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2024.01.008","article-title":"Prognostic implications of microvascular resistance reserve in symptomatic patients with intermediate coronary stenosis","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e014477","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.124.014477","article-title":"Microvascular resistance reserve predicts myocardial ischemia and response to therapy in patients with angina and nonobstructive coronary arteries","volume":"17","author":"Sinha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.03.385","article-title":"Safety of provocative testing with intracoronary acetylcholine and implications for standard protocols","volume":"79","author":"Takahashi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2019-315042","article-title":"Diagnosis of patients with angina and non-obstructive coronary disease in the catheter laboratory","volume":"105","author":"Rahman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2015.06.017","article-title":"Prevalence of coronary microvascular dysfunction among patients with chest pain and nonobstructive coronary artery disease","volume":"8","author":"Sara Jaskanwal","year":"2015","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.9.948","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of patients with mild coronary artery disease and endothelial dysfunction","volume":"101","author":"Suwaidi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B70","first-page":"2565","article-title":"International standardization of diagnostic criteria for vasospastic angina","volume":"38","author":"Beltrame","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.09.006","article-title":"Stratified medical therapy using invasive coronary function testing in angina: the CorMicA trial","volume":"72","author":"Ford","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.016","article-title":"Stratified medicine using invasive coronary function testing in angina: a cost-effectiveness analysis of the British Heart Foundation CorMicA trial","volume":"337","author":"Heggie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeab092","article-title":"Real-world performance and accuracy of stress echocardiography: the EVAREST observational multi-center study","volume":"23","author":"Woodward","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2024-324534","article-title":"Long-term prognostic value of contemporary stress echocardiography in patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"110","author":"Ihekwaba","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeae291","article-title":"Long-term outcomes after stress echocardiography in real-world practice: a 5-year follow-up of the UK EVAREST study","volume":"26","author":"Woodward","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B76","first-page":"101941","article-title":"Multiparametric stress echocardiography in the diagnosis of IOCA and INOCA: role of CFVR measurement","volume":"19","author":"Kardos","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol Case Rep"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.02.079","article-title":"Vasomotor dysfunction in patients with angina and nonobstructive coronary artery disease is dominated by vasospasm","volume":"333","author":"Konst","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.08.1056","article-title":"Coronary functional abnormalities in patients with angina and nonobstructive coronary artery disease","volume":"74","author":"Suda","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1067\/mje.2001.112110","article-title":"Hyperventilation and cold-pressor stress echocardiography for noninvasive diagnosis of coronary artery spasm","volume":"14","author":"Hirano","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(84)90406-X","article-title":"Transient changes in left ventricular mechanics during attacks of prinzmetal angina: a two-dimensional echocardiographic study","volume":"108","author":"Distante","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B81","first-page":"14","article-title":"Hyperventilation cold pressor stress echocardiography for diagnosis of vasospastic angina","volume":"6","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Noninvas Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"qyag070","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjimp\/qyag070","article-title":"Controlled hyperventilation using a new ventilation navigator software\u2014a feasibility study to provoke hypocapnia and respirator alkalosis. A proposal for coronary artery vasoreactivity assessment","volume":"4","author":"Kardos","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Imaging Methods Pract"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2025-325769","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of exercise stress testing findings and coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients with angina with non-obstructive coronary artery disease","volume":"112","author":"Tsai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-64591-4_5","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Vascular Biology. Learning Materials in Biosciences","author":"Wojta","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf784.1580","article-title":"Endotypes of angina with non-obstructive coronary arteries","volume":"46","author":"Velollari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf839","article-title":"Endotypes of angina with non-obstructive coronary arteries: a prospective multicentre study","volume":"47","author":"Miner","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026080710362307500_qyag129-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.06.044","article-title":"Comprehensive management of ANOCA, part 2\u2014program development, treatment, and research initiatives: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"82","author":"Smilowitz","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC"}],"container-title":["European Heart Journal - Imaging Methods and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjimp\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ehjimp\/qyag129\/69730036\/qyag129.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjimp\/article-pdf\/4\/3\/qyag129\/69730036\/qyag129.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjimp\/article-pdf\/4\/3\/qyag129\/69730036\/qyag129.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T14:36:42Z","timestamp":1786113402000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjimp\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ehjimp\/qyag129\/8739492"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjimp\/qyag129","relation":{},"ISSN":["2755-9637"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2755-9637","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"article-number":"qyag129"}}