{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T18:59:19Z","timestamp":1793818759409,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG\/19\/4\/34452 and PG\/09\/024\/26857"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG\/19\/4\/34452 and PG\/09\/024\/26857"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Limited social relationships, particularly in older adults, have been implicated as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about the associations between poor social relationships and heart failure incidence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective study of socially representative men aged 60\u201379 years drawn from general practices in 24 British towns and followed up for a maximum of 18 years. A total of 3698 participants with no previous diagnosis of heart failure were included. Information on social relationships was based on a combination of marital status, living circumstances, and social contacts with friends and family. These provided information on contact frequency, contact satisfaction, and a social relationship score (low to high) combining frequency and satisfaction with contact. Heart failure included both incidents non-fatal heart failure and death from heart failure. Among 3698 participants, 330 developed heart failure. Men with low compared to high frequency of contact with family and friends had an increased risk of incident heart failure [hazard ratio (HR) 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15\u20132.18]; this remained statistically significant after adjustment for social class, behavioural, and biological risk factors. Low compared to high scores for satisfaction with contacts was associated with increased risk of heart failure (adjusted HR = 1.54; 95% CI 1.14\u20132.07). Lower social relationship scores (combining frequency and satisfaction with contact) were associated with greater risk of incident heart failure (adjusted HR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.02\u20131.87). Marital status and living alone were not significantly associated with heart failure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Weaker social relationships appear to increase the risk of developing heart failure in older age. Further research is needed to investigate pathways underlying these associations and to test whether interventions to strengthen social relationships can reduce the risk of heart failure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjopen\/oeab045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T19:01:19Z","timestamp":1639767679000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Social relationships and the risk of incident heart failure: results from a prospective population-based study of older men"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4912-6208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aishah","family":"Coyte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Science Institute, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Science Institute, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Olia","family":"Papacosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College , London W6 8RP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1738-1351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucy","family":"Lennon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College , London W6 8RP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter Hynes","family":"Whincup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Research Institute, St George\u2019s University of London , London SW17 0RE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sasiwarang Goya","family":"Wannamethee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College , London W6 8RP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"and Sheena Esther","family":"Ramsay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Science Institute, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041318103483200_","author":"Public Health England","year":"2017"},{"key":"2023041318103483200_","volume-title":"UK Factsheet 2021","author":"The British Heart Foundation","year":"2021"},{"key":"2023041318103483200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw128","article-title":"2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC","volume":"37","author":"Ponikowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2023041318103483200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32520-5","article-title":"Temporal trends and patterns in heart failure incidence: a population-based study of 4 million individuals","volume":"391","author":"Conrad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023041318103483200_","volume-title":"Bridging the Quality Gap: Heart Failure","author":"Sutherland","year":"2010"},{"key":"2023041318103483200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e164","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnx218","article-title":"A systematic review of research on social networks of older adults","volume":"59","author":"Ayalon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"2023041318103483200_","first-page":"158","article-title":"Social integration, social networks, social supports and health","volume":"1","author":"Berkman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Soc Epidemiol"},{"key":"2023041318103483200_","volume-title":"Retirement, Health and Relationships of the Older Population in England. 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