{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:20:45Z","timestamp":1790194845758,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Notwithstanding its acknowledged pivotal role for cardiovascular prevention, cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is still largely under prescribed, in almost 25% of patients owing an indication for. In addition, when considering differences concerning the two sexes, female individuals are underrepresented in CR programmes with lower referral rates, participation, and completion as compared to male counterpart. This picture becomes even more tangled with reference to gender, a complex socio-cultural construct characterized by four domains (gender identity, relation, role, and institutionalized gender). Indeed, each of them reveals several obstacles that considerably penalize CR adherence for different categories of people, especially those who are not identifiable with a non-binary gender. Aim of the present review is to identify the sex- (i.e. biological) and gender- (i.e. socio-cultural) specific obstacles to CR related to biological sex and sociocultural gender and then envision a likely viable solution through tailored treatments towards patients\u2019 well-being.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjopen\/oeae071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,7]],"date-time":"2024-09-07T01:14:29Z","timestamp":1725671669000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Sex and gender specific pitfalls and challenges in cardiac rehabilitation: a working hypothesis towards better inclusivity in cardiac rehabilitation programmes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Alberto M","family":"Marra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II , Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Interdepartmental Center for Research in Gender Medicine\u2014GENESIS, University of Naples Federico II , Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Giardino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II , Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2352-2103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Salzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II , Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Interdepartmental Center for Research in Gender Medicine\u2014GENESIS, University of Naples Federico II , Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Caruso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Istituto Ortopedico del Mezzogiorno d\u2018Italia \u201cF. Scalabrino\u201d GIOMI , Via Consolare Pompea 360, 98165 Messina ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vito Maurizio","family":"Parato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Division, Madonna del Soccorso Hospital , Via Luciano Manara 8, 63074 San Benedetto del Tronto (AP) ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Diaferia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, \u2018Mons. Dimiccoli\u2019 Hospital , Viale Ippocrate 15, 70051 Barletta ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leopoldo","family":"Pagliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, High Specialization Rehabilitation Hospital , Via P. L. 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Gennaro dei Poveri 25, 80136 Naples ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Bifulco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdepartmental Center for Research in Gender Medicine\u2014GENESIS, University of Naples Federico II , Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II , Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Zampella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdepartmental Center for Research in Gender Medicine\u2014GENESIS, University of Naples Federico II , Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II , Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Franzone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdepartmental Center for Research in Gender Medicine\u2014GENESIS, University of Naples Federico II , Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, University of Naples Federico II , Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdepartmental Center for Research in Gender Medicine\u2014GENESIS, University of Naples Federico II , Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, University of Naples Federico II , Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2769-9950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Bossone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdepartmental Center for Research in Gender Medicine\u2014GENESIS, University of Naples Federico II , Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II , Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Raparelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome 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