{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T04:58:15Z","timestamp":1791694695679,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) exhibit unique physiological pathways, influencing exercise capacity and functional performance. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), six-minute walk distance (6MWD), cardiac output (CO), and stroke volume (SV), between these phenotypes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A systematic literature search of cohort studies via databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) was conducted from inception until October 2024. A meta-analysis using a random-effects model to calculate the pooled effects was employed. Forty-six studies were included. HFrEF patients demonstrated significantly greater 6MWD compared to HFpEF (k = 20; mean difference (MD): 18.09\u2005m, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.59\u201334.59, I2 = 86%, P = 0.03), though this difference became insignificant after adjusting for comorbidities. Conversely, HFpEF patients exhibited higher VO2peak (k = 20; MD: \u22120.78\u2005mL\/kg\/min, 95% CI \u22121.45\u2013\u22120.11, I2 = 89%, P = 0.02), CO (k = 12; MD: \u22121.15\u2005L\/min, 95% CI \u22122.11\u2013\u22120.19, I2 = 97%, P = 0.02), and SV (k = 14; SMD: \u22121.00, 95% CI \u22121.60\u2013\u22120.39, I2 = 95%, P &amp;lt; 0.01). Age was identified as a significant moderator of VO2peak.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>HFpEF patients demonstrated superior VO2peak, CO, and SV compared to HFrEF patients, while the observed 6MWD advantage in HFrEF was likely influenced by comorbidities. Our findings emphasize the importance of tailoring rehabilitation strategies to HF phenotype-specific physiological profiles, particularly focusing on improving VO2peak and cardiac efficiency in HFpEF.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjopen\/oeaf055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T17:48:37Z","timestamp":1747244917000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Exercise capacity in heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of HFrEF and HFpEF disparities in VO2peak and 6-minute walking distance"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6264-9388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Prokopidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Musculoskeletal Ageing and Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool , 6 West Derby St, Liverpool L7 8TX ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Thomas Dr, Liverpool L14 3PE ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9699-1686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Irlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Students' Scientific Association by the Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice ,","place":["Poland"]},{"name":"Doctoral School, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Poniatowskiego 15, 40-055 Katowice ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theocharis","family":"Ispoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS1 3HE ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Ferentinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS1 3HE ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandros","family":"Mitropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard St, Sheffield City Centre, Sheffield S1 1WB ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6299-8852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathias","family":"Schl\u00f6gl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic for Acute Geriatric Care, City Hospital Waid Zurich, Ti\u00e8chestrasse 99, 8037 Z\u00fcrich ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Isanejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Musculoskeletal Ageing and Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool , 6 West Derby St, Liverpool L7 8TX ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamil","family":"Kegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Students' Scientific Association by the Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Nabrdalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of 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