{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:50:55Z","timestamp":1787755855479,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001034","name":"ALF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001034","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"County Council of \u00d6sterg\u00f6tland"},{"name":"Carldavid J\u00f6nsson Research Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002996","name":"Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002996","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003945","name":"Link\u00f6ping University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003945","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007497","name":"Biosense Webster","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007497","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004331","name":"Johnson & Johnson","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004331","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The association between inflammation and atrial fibrillation (AF) is evident, but assessing the specific inflammatory pathways involved in the pathogenesis remains complex. This study aimed to identify inflammatory biomarkers associated with paroxysmal (PAF) and persistent (PeAF) AF by evaluating blood samples from the intra- and extracardiac space.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This is an observational, cross-sectional, single-centre study. A total of 92 inflammatory biomarkers were analyzed from blood samples taken from the coronary sinus (CS) and the femoral vein (FV) in 88 patients with AF who had been referred for catheter ablation at the Link\u00f6ping University Hospital, Sweden. The concentrations of the biomarkers were compared between PAF and PeAF patients in the CS and FV. Significant differences in concentration were found in 36 of 92 biomarkers. Among these, 12 proteins stand out for exhibiting a higher concentration in PeAF patients: Interleukin 6 (IL-6), CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1), Interleukin 18 receptor 1 (IL-18R1) and cystatin D (CST5) in the FV, \u03b2 nerve growth factor (\u03b2-NGF) and tissue growth factor \u03b1 (TGF-\u03b1) at the CS level, as well as interleukin 18 (IL-18), chemokine ligand 3 (CCL-3) and tumour necrosis factor superfamily 14 (TNFSF-14) in both FV and CS. Moreover, chemokine ligand 25 (CCL-25), chemokine ligand 28 (CCL-28), and artemin (ARTN) were found at a higher concentration in the CS in the overall population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study supports the involvement of TNFSF-14, IL-6, and IL-18 in the pathogenesis and maintenance of PeAF. Furthermore, it identifies \u03b2-NGF and TGF-\u03b1 as potential participants in the pathogenesis and\/or maintenance of PeAF locally in the atria. Novel inflammatory biomarkers, mainly chemokines, are also identified as possibly involved in the pathophysiology of AF.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjopen\/oeaf089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T14:04:49Z","timestamp":1752501889000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Differences in inflammation biomarkers between patients with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation in the femoral vein and coronary sinus blood samples; a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9016-2924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Valera Soria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Link\u00f6ping University Hospital , Kardiologiska kliniken, Universitetssjukhuset, Link\u00f6ping 581 85 ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University , SE-58183 Link\u00f6ping ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2198-9690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carl-Johan","family":"Carlh\u00e4ll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University , SE-58183 Link\u00f6ping ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology, Link\u00f6ping University Hospital , Fysiologiska kliniken, Universitetssjukhuset, 581 85 Link\u00f6ping ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4852-3065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars O","family":"Karlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Link\u00f6ping University Hospital , Kardiologiska kliniken, Universitetssjukhuset, Link\u00f6ping 581 85 ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University , SE-58183 Link\u00f6ping ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6473-8798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan","family":"Lindb\u00e4ck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University , Uppsala Science Park, HubbenDag Hammarskj\u00f6lds v\u00e4g 38, SE-751 85 Uppsala ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7420-743X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziad","family":"Hijazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University , Uppsala Science Park, HubbenDag Hammarskj\u00f6lds v\u00e4g 38, SE-751 85 Uppsala ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University , Akademiska sjukhuset, ing\u00e5ng 40, plan 5, 751 85 Uppsala ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2514-5324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanouil","family":"Charitakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University , SE-58183 Link\u00f6ping ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine, Solna Karolinska University Hospital, D1: 04171 76 Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2016.12.004","article-title":"Factors predicting arrhythmia-related symptoms and health-related quality of life in patients referred for radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation: an observational study (the SMURF study)","volume":"3","author":"Charitakis","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.11.002","article-title":"Implications of inflammation and fibrosis in atrial fibrillation pathophysiology","volume":"13","author":"Harada","year":"2021","journal-title":"Card Electrophysiol Clin"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvab262","article-title":"Using multimarker screening to identify biomarkers associated with cardiovascular death in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"118","author":"Pol","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0b013e328358554b","article-title":"Risk factors for atrial fibrillation recurrence: a literature review","volume":"15","author":"Vizzardi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown)"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6173","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19106173","article-title":"Paroxysmal and non-paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in middle eastern patients: clinical features and the use of medications. Analysis of the Jordan atrial fibrillation (JoFib) study","volume":"19","author":"Al-Makhamreh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-020-00859-y","article-title":"Clinical classification and the subclinical atrial fibrillation challenge: a position paper of the European Cardiac Arrhythmia Society","volume":"59","author":"L\u00e9vy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309764","article-title":"Discovery of new biomarkers for atrial fibrillation using a custom-made proteomics chip","volume":"103","author":"Lind","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e95192","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095192","article-title":"Homogenous 96-plex PEA immunoassay exhibiting high sensitivity, specificity, and excellent scalability","volume":"9","author":"Assarsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e008723","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008723","article-title":"Symptom burden, Metabolic profile, Ultrasound findings, Rhythm, neurohormonal activation, haemodynamics and health-related quality of life in patients with atrial Fibrillation (SMURF): a protocol for an observational study with a randomised interventional component","volume":"5","author":"Charitakis","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5402.177","article-title":"Human experimentation. Code of ethics of the world medical association. Declaration of Helsinki","volume":"2","author":"Rickham","year":"1964","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2015-308887","article-title":"Biomarkers of inflammation and risk of cardiovascular events in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"102","author":"Hijazi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-011-9565-6","article-title":"Inflammation-sensitive proteins and risk of atrial fibrillation: a population-based cohort study","volume":"26","author":"Adamsson Eryd","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862164","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.862164","article-title":"Role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation","volume":"13","author":"Ihara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2010.01774.x","article-title":"Update on the association of inflammation and atrial fibrillation","volume":"21","author":"Patel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-15-0138","article-title":"Role of inflammation in atrial fibrillation pathophysiology and management","volume":"79","author":"Harada","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.04.063","article-title":"Inflammation in atrial fibrillation","volume":"60","author":"Guo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2726","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15498","article-title":"Multiplex protein screening of biomarkers associated with major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with oral anticoagulation","volume":"19","author":"Siegbahn","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-21-6973","article-title":"The feasibility and safety of a simple method for coronary sinus blood sampling during catheter ablation of arrhythmias","volume":"10","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026332426999","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation: what are the targets for intervention?","volume":"9","author":"Miller","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2007.00410.x","article-title":"The role of interleukin-6 in insulin resistance, body fat distribution and energy balance","volume":"9","author":"Hoene","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-010-9170-x","article-title":"STAT3 and cardiac remodeling","volume":"16","author":"Haghikia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e011006","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.011006","article-title":"Systemic inflammation rapidly induces reversible atrial electrical remodeling: the role of interleukin-6-mediated changes in connexin expression","volume":"8","author":"Lazzerini","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eur402","article-title":"Role of inflammation in early atrial fibrillation recurrence","volume":"14","author":"Smit","year":"2012","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e163799","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI163799","article-title":"IL-6 in the infarcted heart is preferentially formed by fibroblasts and modulated by purinergic signaling","volume":"133","author":"Alter","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2015.2","article-title":"Inflammation and the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euq321","article-title":"Interleukin-18 among atrial fibrillation patients in the absence of structural heart disease","volume":"12","author":"Luan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-022-01125-z","article-title":"MiRNA21 and IL-18 levels in left atrial blood in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing cryoablation and their predictive value for recurrence of atrial fibrillation","volume":"64","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0422","DOI":"10.24207\/jca.v35i1.3470","article-title":"Major interleukines: role in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation","volume":"35","author":"Rafaqat","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Card Arrhythmias"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04381-3","article-title":"TNFSF14\/LIGHT promotes cardiac fibrosis and atrial fibrillation vulnerability via PI3K\u03b3\/SGK1 pathway-dependent M2 macrophage polarisation","volume":"21","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.228232","article-title":"In vitro effects of nerve growth factor on cardiac fibroblasts proliferation, cell cycle, migration, and myofibroblast transformation","volume":"131","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1359","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01010.2004","article-title":"Preserved left ventricular structure and function in mice with cardiac sympathetic hyperinnervation","volume":"289","author":"Kiriazis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2015.56.6.1530","article-title":"Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation raises the plasma level of NGF-\u03b2 which is associated with sympathetic nerve activity","volume":"56","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13138","article-title":"Pleiotropic activity of nerve growth factor in regulating cardiac functions and counteracting pathogenesis","volume":"8","author":"Pius-Sadowska","year":"2021","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e011925","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.120.011925","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 23 and long-term cardiac function","volume":"13","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2016.1445","article-title":"Association of fibroblast growth factor 23 with atrial fibrillation in chronic kidney disease, from the chronic renal insufficiency cohort study","volume":"1","author":"Mehta","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001082","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.001082","article-title":"Circulating fibroblast growth factor-23 and the incidence of atrial fibrillation: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study","volume":"3","author":"Alonso","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2944","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.14466","article-title":"A guide to chemokines and their receptors","volume":"285","author":"Hughes","year":"2018","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2302","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00741-8","article-title":"The novel biomarker-based ABC (age, biomarkers, clinical history)-bleeding risk score for patients with atrial fibrillation: a derivation and validation study","volume":"387","author":"Hijazi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy085","article-title":"CXCL1-CXCR2 axis mediates angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and remodelling through regulation of monocyte infiltration","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.01.014","article-title":"Inflammation in heart failure","volume":"75","author":"Murphy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.11.031","article-title":"Mechanisms of cardiorenal effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"75","author":"Zelniker","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2018.09.005","article-title":"Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on systemic and tissue low-grade inflammation: the potential contribution to diabetes complications and cardiovascular disease","volume":"44","author":"Bonnet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"2025091916215873200_oeaf089-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.308537","article-title":"Pleiotropic effects of statins on the cardiovascular system","volume":"120","author":"Oesterle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Res"}],"container-title":["European Heart Journal Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjopen\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ehjopen\/oeaf089\/63753831\/oeaf089.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjopen\/article-pdf\/5\/5\/oeaf089\/63753831\/oeaf089.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjopen\/article-pdf\/5\/5\/oeaf089\/63753831\/oeaf089.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T20:22:07Z","timestamp":1758313327000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjopen\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ehjopen\/oeaf089\/8200967"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Christian","family":"de Chillou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjopen\/oeaf089","relation":{},"ISSN":["2752-4191"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2752-4191","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"article-number":"oeaf089"}}