{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T14:47:54Z","timestamp":1791989274428,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of stroke, yet no evidence exists on the collective effect of electrocardiogram (ECG) risk factors in early detection of AF. We aimed to evaluate the risk of new-onset AF and stroke according to specific ECG risk factors to identify patients at high risk of developing AF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included patients who had an ECG performed and grouped them according to how many of the following ECG risk factors they presented with: Elevated heart rate at rest, prolonged PR-interval, biphasic P-waves, abnormal P-terminal force in V1, and prolonged P-wave duration. Among 1 434 491 included patients, 632 628 had none of the five ECG risk factors and 802 163 had at least one ECG risk factor on their ECG. The 5-year cumulative incidence of AF and stroke was lowest among patients with no ECG changes and exceeded 8% and 7%, respectively among patients with all five ECG risk factors [AF: 8.3%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.7\u201311.0%, stroke: 7.3%, 95% CI: 4.7\u20139.9%]. Patients with all five ECG risk factors had a two-fold increased risk of AF [hazard ratio (HR): 2.57, 95% CI: 1.85\u20133.57] and of stroke (HR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.47\u20133.01) compared to patients with none.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The selected ECG risk factors were commonly observed. The 5-year incidence of AF and stroke was low among patients with no ECG risk factors, yet increased in a dose\u2013response-like manner according to the number of ECG risk factors. Scoring patients according to simple ECG risk factors effectively identified patients at high risk of AF and stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjopen\/oeag147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T19:25:23Z","timestamp":1789673123000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk of atrial fibrillation according to electrocardiographic risk factors: a nationwide cohort study of 1.5 million patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2220-0375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Casper","family":"Binding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital , 9000 Aalborg ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte , 2900 Hellerup ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and 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,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University , 9260 Aalborg ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6162-5205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikkel Porsborg","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen University Hospital, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen , 2730 Herlev ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Prehospital Center , Region Zealand, 4700 N\u00e6stved ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3302-7149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helle Collatz","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prehospital Center , Region Zealand, 4700 N\u00e6stved ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Hassan El-Chouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre , 2650 Hvidovre ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital , 4000 Roskilde ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Signe Juul","family":"Riddersholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital , 9000 Aalborg ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lise","family":"Da Riis-Vestergaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshopitalet , 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7441-0630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"S\u00f8gaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital , 9000 Aalborg ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University , 9260 Aalborg ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory Y H","family":"Lip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool L7 8TX ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital , Liverpool L14 3PE ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Torp-Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen University Hospital, Steno Diabetes Center 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