{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T22:59:02Z","timestamp":1777330742175,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]],"date-time":"2020-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"NHS Digital"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Limited data exist on the impact of COVID-19 on national changes in cardiac procedure activity, including patient characteristics and clinical outcomes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All major cardiac procedures (n\u2009=\u2009374\u00a0899) performed between 1 January and 31 May for the years 2018, 2019, and 2020 were analysed, stratified by procedure type and time-period (pre-COVID: January\u2013May 2018 and 2019 and January\u2013February 2020 and COVID: March\u2013May 2020). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to examine the odds ratio (OR) of 30-day mortality for procedures performed in the COVID period. Overall, there was a deficit of 45\u00a0501 procedures during the COVID period compared to the monthly averages (March\u2013May) in 2018\u20132019. Cardiac catheterization and device implantations were the most affected in terms of numbers (n\u2009=\u200919\u00a0637 and n\u2009=\u200910\u00a0453), whereas surgical procedures such as mitral valve replacement, other valve replacement\/repair, atrioseptal defect\/ventriculoseptal defect repair, and coronary artery bypass grafting were the most affected as a relative percentage difference (\u0394) to previous years\u2019 averages. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement was the least affected (\u0394 \u221210.6%). No difference in 30-day mortality was observed between pre-COVID and COVID time-periods for all cardiac procedures except cardiac catheterization [OR 1.25 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07\u20131.47, P\u2009=\u20090.006] and cardiac device implantation (OR 1.35 95% CI 1.15\u20131.58, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cardiac procedural activity has significantly declined across England during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a deficit in excess of 45\u00a0000 procedures, without an increase in risk of mortality for most cardiac procedures performed during the pandemic. Major restructuring of cardiac services is necessary to deal with this deficit, which would inevitably impact long-term morbidity and mortality.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjqcco\/qcaa079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]],"date-time":"2020-10-05T19:13:57Z","timestamp":1601925237000},"page":"247-256","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Impact of COVID-19 on cardiac procedure activity in England and associated 30-day mortality"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9678-5222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed O","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis Research, Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK ST55BG"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8741-3411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amitava","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Informatics and Health Data Research UK, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5611-4056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Royal Papworth NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"de Belder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, 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Cardiology, Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9725-1583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis Research, Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK ST55BG"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4732-382X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris P","family":"Gale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute for Data analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"},{"name":"Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, 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