{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T04:58:38Z","timestamp":1788238718726,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although the management of ischaemic heart disease has markedly improved over the last decades, left ventricular thrombus remains a serious finding in patients with myocardial infarction. Routine diagnostic detection of left ventricular thrombus relies mainly on echocardiography; however, cardiac magnetic resonance has emerged as a method with higher diagnostic accuracy, while cardiac computed tomography angiography represents a valuable alternative modality. To reduce the left ventricular thrombus-associated morbidity and mortality, optimal selection of anticoagulation is warranted after balancing the risk of bleeding. In this review, we will discuss contemporary diagnostic modalities to detect left ventricular thrombus in ischaemic heart disease and summarize evidence on risk stratification and therapy. In addition, we propose a novel diagnosis, follow-up imaging, and treatment algorithm. Further, we identify knowledge gaps at different levels to address emerging research questions and to refine the design of future studies aiming to improve the management of patients in this clinical setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjqcco\/qcab097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T20:13:14Z","timestamp":1639685594000},"page":"496-509","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Left ventricular thrombus in ischaemic heart disease: diagnosis, treatment, and gaps of knowledge"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ludovic","family":"Allard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern , Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0996-9681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedikt","family":"Bernhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern , Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2653-6762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephan","family":"Windecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern , Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4353-7110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Valgimigli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern , Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern , Switzerland"},{"name":"Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Italian Switzerland , Lugano , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6029-0597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Gr\u00e4ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern , Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022081709472718800_bib1","first-page":"e9349","article-title":"Global epidemiology of ischemic heart disease: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"12","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2022081709472718800_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.75.5.1004","article-title":"Increased embolic risk in patients with left ventricular thrombi","volume":"75","author":"Stratton","year":"1987","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022081709472718800_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1177\/1753944717711139","article-title":"Challenges in management of left ventricular thrombus","volume":"11","author":"Habash","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"2022081709472718800_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-018-0494-3","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of left ventricular thrombus by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Bulluck","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"key":"2022081709472718800_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.75.3.252","article-title":"Long term follow up of patients with anterior myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular thrombus in the thrombolytic era","volume":"75","author":"Mooe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2022081709472718800_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a014875","article-title":"Thrombolytic therapy reduces the incidence of left ventricular thrombus after anterior myocardial infarction. 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