{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T21:57:19Z","timestamp":1793656639870,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]],"date-time":"2023-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019-00977"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-00977"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018-00123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-00123"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019540","name":"Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LR22H260001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LR22H260001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019540","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82204019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82204019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LQ20H020006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ20H020006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The associations between gastrointestinal diseases (GIs) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) were unclear. We conducted a prospective cohort study to explore their associations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study included 330\u2009751 individuals without baseline CVD from the UK Biobank cohort. Individuals with and without GIs were followed up until the ascertainment of incident CVDs, including coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease (CeVD), heart failure (HF), and peripheral artery disease (PAD). The diagnosis of diseases was confirmed with combination of the nationwide inpatient data, primary care data, and cancer registries. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to estimate the associations between GIs and the risk of incident CVD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During a median follow-up of 11.8 years, 31\u2009605 incident CVD cases were diagnosed. Individuals with GIs had an elevated risk of CVD (hazard ratio 1.37; 95% confidence interval 1.34\u20131.41, P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.001). Eleven out of 15 GIs were associated with an increased risk of CVD after Bonferroni-correction, including cirrhosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, gastritis and duodenitis, irritable bowel syndrome, Barrett's esophagus, gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer, celiac disease, diverticulum, appendicitis, and biliary disease. The associations were stronger among women, individuals aged\u00a0\u226460 years, and those with body mass index \u226525\u00a0kg\/m2.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This large-scale prospective cohort study revealed the associations of GIs with an increased risk of incident CVD, in particular CHD and PAD. These findings support the reinforced secondary CVD prevention among patients with gastrointestinal disorders.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjqcco\/qcad059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T20:42:20Z","timestamp":1696020140000},"page":"357-365","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Risk of incident cardiovascular disease among patients with gastrointestinal disorder: a prospective cohort study of 330\u2009751 individuals"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4029-4192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha 410013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6987-3721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuhao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha 410013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyuan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou 310009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenming","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong 999077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of vascular surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou 310009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6880-2577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5055-5627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuai","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm 17177, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanna C","family":"Larsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , 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