{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T14:44:28Z","timestamp":1794494668905,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The growing population of adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) has prompted global initiatives to define standards of care, training pathways, and institutional requirements for catheter-based interventions. High-quality care and effective training rely on specialized, multidisciplinary centres integrating paediatric and adult cardiologists, surgeons, and anaesthesiologists with congenital expertise, supported by advanced catheter labs and hybrid theatres. This work outlines essential elements for optimal ACHD catheterization training, emphasizing a structured, competency-based curriculum covering theory, procedural skills, and post-procedural care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Collaboration between paediatric and adult cardiologists is highlighted as vital for comprehensive care. To meet national and regional needs, a two-tier model of \u2018level 1\u2019 and \u2018level 2\u2019 centres\u2014each with specific capacities\u2014is proposed. Scientific societies play a key role in establishing guidelines, certifications, and facilitating trainee mobility and international collaboration. Emerging tools such as augmented reality and virtual case libraries can improve accessibility and quality of training. The framework also addresses global equity, considering regional and socio-economic differences. Proctorships and partnerships with industry are integral for introducing innovations and maintaining skills in evolving techniques.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>By fostering collaboration, harmonized standards, and multidisciplinary expertise, this model aims to improve ACHD training and meet growing patient needs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjqcco\/qcag078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T11:50:16Z","timestamp":1779191416000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Adult congenital cardiac interventional training, competencies, and organization. A Statement of the ESC ACHD Working Group, the EAPCI, the AEPC, and the PICS-Society"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7432-4815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Chessa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Centre, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato , Milan ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University , Milan ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8754-8156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarita","family":"Brida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adult Congenital Heart Centre and National Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guys & St Thomas\u2019s NHS Trust , Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Medical Faculty University of Rijeka , Rijeka ,","place":["Croatia"]},{"name":"National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College , Dovehouse St, London SW3 6LY ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Werner","family":"Budts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alaide","family":"Chieffo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Vita-Salute San Raffaele University , Milan ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaspal","family":"Dua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adult Congenital Heart Disease Centre, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital , Liverpool L14 3PE ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8782-0401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerrit","family":"Kaleschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology III-Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, University Hospital M\u00fcnster , M\u00fcnster ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Kempny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adult Congenital Heart Centre and National Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guys & St Thomas\u2019s NHS Trust , Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College , Dovehouse St, London SW3 6LY ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damien","family":"Kenny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, and Department of Cardiology, Mater University Hospital , Dublin ,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Krasemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Erasmus MC \u2013 Sophia Children's Hospital , Rotterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Rahbek Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet , Inge Lehmanns Vej 7, Copenhagen 2100 ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0209-9505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamil","family":"Aboulhosn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California Los Angeles, Ahmanson\/UCLA Adult Congenital Heart Center , Los Angeles, CA 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