{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T04:27:05Z","timestamp":1740112025061,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,17]],"date-time":"2020-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p\/>\n                  <jats:p>Left superior vena cava (LSVC)-related obstruction of mitral inflow is a rare finding in patients with complex cardiac anomalies like hypoplastic left heart complex. We report our experience by establishing a left superior to right superior caval vein continuity (innominate vein creation by direct LSVC\u2013right superior vena cava end-to-side-anastomosis), and coronary sinus unroofing if indicated for LSVC-related mitral inflow obstruction.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nineteen patients (median age: 1.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3\u2009years; range: 7\u2009days\u20134.8\u2009years) underwent anatomical correction of LSVC without the use of foreign material in conjunction with repair or palliation of congenital anomalies in a single centre between April 2015 and November 2019. Indications for the procedure were LSVC-related obstruction of left ventricular inflow due to a dilated coronary sinus. Additional procedures included mitral (n\u2009=\u20097) or atrioventricular (n\u2009=\u20093) valve surgery, right ventricular to pulmonary artery conduit (n\u2009=\u20093), first stage palliation (n\u2009=\u20093) or biventricular repair (n\u2009=\u20095) of hypoplastic left heart complex. Three patients needed secondary mitral valve replacement (n\u2009=\u20093).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All LSVC or coronary sinus-related obstructions were effectively relieved. No patient died early, 2 patients died late after the procedure. One patient needed stenting of the superior vena cava below the unobstructed cephalad vein anastomosis at the former right superior vena cava-cannulation-site. Follow-up was complete and demonstrated an 89.5% survival after 2.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4\u2009years. Innominate vein patency was 100% documented by echocardiography (n\u2009=\u200919), cardiac catheterization (n\u2009=\u20096) or both. Mean mitral valve z-scores before the operation were \u22121.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2 (range \u22123.8 to 0.3) and increased to 0.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2 (range \u22120.7 to 1.9) after LSVC repair.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Anatomical correction by surgical creation of an innominate vein is an effective method to relieve LSVC-related obstructions and promotes mitral valvar growth. Mitral ring sizes were at least normalized after surgery at the time of discharge. Further prospective follow-up studies to evaluate the growth potential of left-sided heart structures by reporting cardiac z-scores are needed to evaluate the true impact of coronary sinus unroofing.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezaa286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]],"date-time":"2020-07-22T19:19:58Z","timestamp":1595445598000},"page":"236-243","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Growth of hypoplastic mitral valves in hypoplastic left heart complex and similar constellations after anatomical left superior vena cava correction"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3575-6647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert A","family":"Cesnjevar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1817-4207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank","family":"Harig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moritz","family":"Dietz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhannad","family":"Alkassar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Waellisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Rueffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8455-3416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sven","family":"Dittrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ariawan","family":"Purbojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021010414505543100_ezaa286-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(97)70158-2","article-title":"Total anomalous systemic venous drainage to the coronary sinus in association with hypoplastic left heart disease: more than a mere coincidence","volume":"114","author":"Kadletz","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2021010414505543100_ezaa286-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-016-1395-6","article-title":"Persistent left superior vena cava connected to the coronary sinus in the fetus: effects on cardiac structure and flow dynamics","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"2021010414505543100_ezaa286-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(86)80382-8","article-title":"Superior vena caval abnormalities: their occurrence rate, associated cardiac abnormalities and angiographic classification in a paediatric population with congenital heart disease","volume":"37","author":"Buirski","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"2021010414505543100_ezaa286-B4","first-page":"485","volume-title":"Anomalous systemic venous return","author":"Smallhorn","year":"2010"},{"key":"2021010414505543100_ezaa286-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.2350\/10-05-0823-OA.1","article-title":"Persistent left superior vena cava: does it have a role in the pathogenesis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome?","volume":"14","author":"Taweevisit","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Dev Pathol"},{"key":"2021010414505543100_ezaa286-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951100004959","article-title":"Persistence of the left superior caval vein: can it potentiate obstructive lesions of the left ventricle?","volume":"9","author":"Agnoletti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"key":"2021010414505543100_ezaa286-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2003.07.010","article-title":"Left ventricular inflow obstruction associated with persistent left superior vena cava and dilated coronary sinus","volume":"127","author":"DiBardino","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2021010414505543100_ezaa286-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(98)70291-0","article-title":"Persistent left superior vena cava: an unusual cause of subdivided left atrium","volume":"115","author":"Kreutzer","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2021010414505543100_ezaa286-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2006.02.062","article-title":"Surgical approach to left ventricular inflow obstruction due to dilated coronary sinus","volume":"82","author":"Vargas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2021010414505543100_ezaa286-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.10.027","article-title":"No longer novel: the association of a dilated coronary sinus with left ventricular inflow obstruction","volume":"153","author":"Bryant","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2021010414505543100_ezaa286-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)62122-4","article-title":"Persistent left superior vena cava causing subdivided left atrium: diagnosis, embryological implications, and surgical management","volume":"44","author":"Ascuitto","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2021010414505543100_ezaa286-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(94)90468-5","article-title":"Can a dilated coronary sinus produce left ventricular inflow obstruction? An unrecognized entity","volume":"58","author":"Cochrane","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2021010414505543100_ezaa286-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.059","article-title":"An unusual case of giant coronary sinus causing left ventricular inflow obstruction","volume":"153","author":"Gowda","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2021010414505543100_ezaa286-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1013125","article-title":"Left-ventricular inflow obstruction due to a dilated coronary sinus mimicking Cor triatriatum","volume":"47","author":"Benatar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2021010414505543100_ezaa286-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(97)83867-2","article-title":"Correction of left superior vena cava draining to the left atrium using extracardiac techniques","volume":"63","author":"Reddy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2021010414505543100_ezaa286-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1510\/icvts.2009.230581","article-title":"Anatomical repair of a persistent left superior vena cava into the left atrium","volume":"11","author":"Ugaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Interact CardioVasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2021010414505543100_ezaa286-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivw254","article-title":"Bailout shunt\/banding for backward left heart failure after adequate neonatal coarctectomy in borderline left hearts","volume":"23","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"Interact CardioVasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2021010414505543100_ezaa286-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1017\/S104795110400513X","article-title":"Divided left atrium with obstruction of pulmonary venous return in the setting of hypoplasia of the left heart","volume":"14","author":"Monaco","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"key":"2021010414505543100_ezaa286-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1564931","article-title":"Right atrial flap repair for left superior vena cava draining into left atrium","volume":"64","author":"Erek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2021010414505543100_ezaa286-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semtcvs.2019.04.009","article-title":"Extracardiac rerouting of left superior vena cava to right atrium","volume":"31","author":"Rudrappa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ejcts\/article-pdf\/59\/1\/236\/35388709\/ezaa286.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ejcts\/article-pdf\/59\/1\/236\/35388709\/ezaa286.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T19:54:13Z","timestamp":1609790053000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ejcts\/article\/59\/1\/236\/5929303"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,17]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejcts\/ezaa286","relation":{},"ISSN":["1010-7940","1873-734X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1010-7940"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1873-734X"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,17]]}}}