{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:18:36Z","timestamp":1792001916868,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,23]],"date-time":"2021-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>\u2002<\/jats:title><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title><jats:p>Resection of thymic tumours including the removal of both the tumour and the thymus gland (thymothymectomy; TT) is the procedure of choice and is recommended in most relevant articles in the literature. Nevertheless, in recent years, some authors have suggested that resection of the tumour (simple thymomectomy; ST) may suffice from an oncological standpoint in patients with early-stage thymoma who do not have myasthenia gravis (MG) (non-MG). The goal of our study was to compare the short- and long-term outcomes of ST versus TT in non-MG early-stage thymomas using the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons thymic database.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 498 non-MG patients with pathological stage I thymoma were included in the study. TT was performed in 466 (93.6%) of 498 patients who had surgery with curative intent; ST was done in 32 (6.4%). The completeness of resection, the rate of complications, the 30-day mortality, the overall recurrence and the freedom from recurrence were compared. We performed crude and propensity score-adjusted comparisons by surgical approach (ST vs TT).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>TT showed the same rate of postoperative complications, 30-day mortality and postoperative length of stay as ST. The 5-year overall survival rate was 89% in the TT group and 55% in the ST group. The 5-year freedom from recurrence was 96% in the TT group and 79% in the ST group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with early-stage thymoma without MG who have a TT show significantly better freedom from recurrence than those who have an ST, without an increase in postoperative morbidity rate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezab224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T19:16:29Z","timestamp":1619637389000},"page":"881-887","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Thymomectomy plus total thymectomy versus simple thymomectomy for early-stage thymoma without myasthenia gravis: a European Society of Thoracic Surgeons Thymic Working Group Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4125-4379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Guerrera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Citt\u00e0 della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino , Torino, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino , Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre Emmanuel","family":"Falcoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Strasbourg University Hospital , Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6037-5475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernhard","family":"Moser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vienna University Hospital , Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1261-0992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dirk","family":"van Raemdonck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Bille\u2019","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guy\u2019s Hospital London , London, UK"},{"name":"Division of Cancer Studies, King\u2019s College London, Guy\u2019s Hospital London , London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alper","family":"Toker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, West Virginia University Heart and Vascular Institute , Morgantown, WV, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1153-3334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Spaggiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS , Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan , Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2225-299X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Ampollini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma , Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0194-142X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Filippini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino , Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3305-6989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascal Alexandre","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, North Hospital Aix-Marseille University , Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bram","family":"Verdonck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital and Antwerp University , Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Mendogni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Foundation IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7787-991X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clemens","family":"Aigner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Essen University Hospital - 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