{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T12:39:08Z","timestamp":1787229548183,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wishaw Trust"},{"name":"Heart Centre for Children"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1076849"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1076849"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\u2002<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The age at which the Fontan operation is performed varies globally. Over the last decade, the median age of patients having the Fontan in Australia and New Zealand has been 4.6\u2009years, including 6% of patients younger than 3\u2009years. Long-term outcomes of an early Fontan operation are unclear and are described in this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients from the Australian and New Zealand Fontan Registry were grouped by age at Fontan. A Fontan before 3\u2009years (early Fontan) was compared to the combined second and third quartiles by age at surgery in the Registry (3.6\u20136.1\u2009years; control). Outcomes included Fontan failure (death, transplant, New York Heart Association functional group III\/IV heart failure, Fontan takedown or conversion, protein losing enteropathy and plastic bronchitis), arrhythmias, thromboembolism and reinterventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 191 patients who had early Fontan operations were compared to 781 controls. Profound or progressive cyanosis was noted more frequently in the early than in the control group (63% vs 23%; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). The early group was followed up for a median 22.1\u2009years. The incidence of long-term failure was similar between the 2 groups (early, 1.08 failures per 100 patient-years of follow-up vs control, 0.99; log-rank P\u2009=\u20090.79). Adjusted for risk factors, early age at Fontan was not a risk factor for long-term failure [hazard ratio (HR) 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77\u20131.76; P\u2009=\u20090.48], new-onset arrhythmia (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.63\u20131.39; P\u2009=\u20090.73), thromboembolism (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.28\u20130.91; P\u2009=\u20090.024) or reintervention (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.80\u20131.45; P\u2009=\u20090.62).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Having the Fontan operation at an early age was not a risk factor for short- or long-term adverse outcomes in our cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezab355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T07:07:43Z","timestamp":1626764863000},"page":"497-504","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Fontan operation at less than 3 years of age is not a risk factor for long-term failure"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6542-8786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob Y","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7793-8705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Supreet P","family":"Marathe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Children\u2019s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia"},{"name":"University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6890-3965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Zannino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David S","family":"Celermajer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert N","family":"Justo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Children\u2019s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia"},{"name":"University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3735-8298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nelson","family":"Alphonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Children\u2019s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia"},{"name":"University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"d\u2019Udekem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Royal Children\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8005-3361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David S","family":"Winlaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Centre for Children, The Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022022016302543500_ezab355-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S32","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.007764","article-title":"Redefining expectations of 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