{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T11:50:36Z","timestamp":1753876236778,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81870288, 81870227 and 82170353"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870288, 81870227 and 82170353"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","award":["2020-PT310-007, 2019XK310001 and 2018TX31002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-PT310-007, 2019XK310001 and 2018TX31002"]}]},{"name":"Tianjin Science and Technology Project","award":["18PTZWHZ00060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18PTZWHZ00060"]}]},{"name":"TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital","award":["2019-TD-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-TD-003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p\/><jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effectiveness of myocardial protection of cardioplegia has been a matter of debate for decades. This study was designed to compare cardiac and endothelial protection of 3 clinically used cardioplegias: del Nido cardioplegia (DNC), histidine\u2013tryptophan\u2013ketoglutarate (HTK) and blood cardioplegia (BC) followed by HTK (BC + HTK) in a rat model of ischaemia\/reperfusion (I\/R).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty male Wistar rats were subjected to either 120 min of global ischaemia at 4\u00b0C followed by 90 min of reperfusion (I\/R) at 37\u00b0C or no I\/R (control) in a Langendorff apparatus and were randomly allocated to 5 groups: control, I\/R, DNC, HTK and BC + HTK. Cold cardioplegia solutions were administered at doses of 20 ml\/kg for DNC and HTK or 10 ml\/kg for BC followed by HTK. Haemodynamic parameters were continuously recorded using an intraventricular balloon. The endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine was measured in the left anterior descending artery using a myograph. Protein expression of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and creatine kinase MB was determined by western blot.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>During reperfusion, HTK had higher left ventricular systolic pressure whereas DNC had lower left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, better left ventricular developed pressure and best +dp\/dtmax and \u2212dp\/dtmax than the other 2 groups but the differences disappeared at the end of the reperfusion. HTK or BC + HTK preserves the acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation better than DNC (Emax = 48.2 \u00b1 8.0% in DNC vs 75.0 \u00b1 8.0% in HTK, P &amp;lt; 0.05; vs 96.9 \u00b1 3.5% in BC + HTK, P &amp;lt; 0.001). The protein levels of cTnT and creatine kinase MB were downregulated in the 3 groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>All 3 cardioplegias prevented myocardial damage against I\/R injury at the end of reperfusion. DNC demonstrated better preserved diastolic function of the left ventricle whereas HTK or BC + HTK showed better preserved coronary endothelial function. These findings may suggest that currently no \u2018perfect\u2019 cardioplegia exists and that exploration for the \u2018perfect\u2019 cardioplegia is needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezab559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T12:10:02Z","timestamp":1639570202000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["del Nido cardioplegia better preserves cardiac diastolic function but histidine\u2013tryptophan\u2013ketoglutarate is better for endothelial function"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Hong-Mei","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China"},{"name":"Medical College, Nankai University, Tianjin, China"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hai-Tao","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0861-2194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Tao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China"},{"name":"Medical College, Nankai University, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shi-Fu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6497-876X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guo-Wei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China"},{"name":"Drug Research and Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022012614290869400_ezab559-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-019-0256-4","article-title":"Ischemia and reperfusion injury following cardioplegic arrest is attenuated by age and testosterone deficiency in male but not 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