{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T11:50:53Z","timestamp":1753876253131,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]],"date-time":"2022-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p\/>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Thymic epithelial tumours (TETs) are relatively rare indolent malignancies in the mediastinum. Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is an important prognostic indicator for TETs; however, the pattern of LNM involved in TETs has yet to be elucidated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients diagnosed with histologically confirmed thymoma (A\u2013B3), thymic carcinomas and thymic neuroendocrine tumours, between 1988 and 2016 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were applied to identify the predictors for LNM. The predictive nomogram was built from the independent risk factors and measured using the concordance statistic.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The overall proportion of TETs with LNM was 18.5% (200\/1048). The rate of LNM in thymoma, thymic carcinomas and thymic neuroendocrine tumours was 6.8% (42\/622), 30.2% (100\/331) and 61.1% (58\/95), respectively. According to the logistic regression analysis, histology type and T stage were independent factors correlated with LNM. A predictive nomogram model was developed with a concordance statistic of 0.807 (95% confidence interval: 0.773\u20130.841), which was significantly better than the T stage (P &amp;lt; 0.001) while had limited benefit to the histology type (P = 0.047). The calibration curve for the nomogram comparing the predicted and actual probabilities after bias correction showed good agreement.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nodal involvement was not uncommon in TETs. Main factors related to LNM in TETs were histology type and T stage. The probability of LNM could be well calculated using the predictive model.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezac210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]],"date-time":"2022-04-11T14:25:04Z","timestamp":1649687104000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A predictive model of lymph node metastasis for thymic epithelial tumours"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7882-0047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zi-Ming","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health , Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Academic Hospital of the Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Humboldt University Berlin , Potsdam, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3768-3816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health , Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Competence Center of Thoracic Surgery, Charit\u00e9 University Hospital Berlin , Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Sarig\u00fcl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Academic Hospital of the Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Humboldt University Berlin , Potsdam, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2937-9678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dania","family":"Nachira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \u201cA. Gemelli\u201d, IRCCS, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Gonzalez-Rivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Academic Hospital of the Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Humboldt University Berlin , Potsdam, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery Unit, Coru\u00f1a University Hospital , Coru\u00f1a, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8947-666X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harun","family":"Badakhshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Academic Hospital of the Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Humboldt University Berlin , Potsdam, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jens-C","family":"R\u00fcckert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Competence Center of Thoracic Surgery, Charit\u00e9 University Hospital Berlin , Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8074-0900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Calvin S H","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital , Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4501-0950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Academic 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