{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T02:49:58Z","timestamp":1783651798265,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":795,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swiss 3R Competence Centre\u20143012 Bern"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p\/>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Many types of congenital heart disease are amenable to surgical repair or palliation. The procedures are often challenging and require specific surgical training, with limited real-life exposure and often costly simulation options. Our objective was to create realistic and affordable 3D simulation models of the heart and vessels to improve training.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We created moulded vessel models using several materials, to identify the material that best replicated human vascular tissue. This material was then used to make more vessels to train residents in cannulation procedures. Magnetic resonance imaging views of a 23-month-old patient with double-outlet right ventricle were segmented using free open-source software. Re-usable moulds produced by 3D printing served to create a silicone model of the heart, with the same material as the vessels, which was used by a heart surgeon to simulate a Rastelli procedure.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The best material was a soft elastic silicone (Shore A hardness 8). Training on the vessel models decreased the residents\u2019 procedural time and improved their grades on a performance rating scale. The surgeon evaluated the moulded heart model as realistic and was able to perform the Rastelli procedure on it. Even if the valves were poorly represented, it was found to be useful for preintervention training.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>By using free segmentation software, a relatively low-cost silicone and a technique based on re-usable moulds, the cost of obtaining heart models suitable for training in congenital heart defect surgery can be substantially decreased.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezae079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T11:44:10Z","timestamp":1709725450000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Three-dimensional printed moulds to obtain silicone hearts with congenital defects for paediatric heart-surgeon training"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4888-1069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e9lanie","family":"Frei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Clinics, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva , Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva , Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Reymond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles Hahn Hemodynamic Propulsion Laboratory, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva , Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5408-1107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Wacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women, Children and Adolescents, Paediatric Specialties Service, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva , Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"van Steenberghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles Hahn Hemodynamic Propulsion Laboratory, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva , Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1841-0927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurice","family":"Beghetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women, Children and Adolescents, Paediatric Specialties Service, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva , Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tornike","family":"Sologashvili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva , Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7546-2013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Paul","family":"Vall\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Clinics, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva , Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024031522154610500_ezae079-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2019.10.38","article-title":"Three-dimensional printing in congenital heart disease","volume":"12","author":"Hermsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"2024031522154610500_ezae079-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621672","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.621672","article-title":"3D modeling and printing in congenital heart surgery: entering the stage of maturation","volume":"9","author":"Yoo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"2024031522154610500_ezae079-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xjtc.2021.02.050","article-title":"Three-dimensional printing to plan intracardiac operations","volume":"9","author":"Henn","year":"2021","journal-title":"JTCVS Tech"},{"key":"2024031522154610500_ezae079-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4758","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11164758","article-title":"3D-printing to plan complex transcatheter paravalvular leak closure","volume":"11","author":"Ciobotaru","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2024031522154610500_ezae079-B5","first-page":"74","article-title":"Early results of optimal septal myectomy using 3-dimensional printed models","volume":"16","author":"Andrushchuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kardiochir Torakochirurgia 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prototypes refine the anatomy of post-modified Norwood-1 complex aortic arch obstruction and allow presurgical simulation of the repair","volume":"22","author":"Kiraly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Interact CardioVasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2024031522154610500_ezae079-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/jocs.13523","article-title":"Three-dimensional printing enhances preparation for repair of double outlet right ventricular surgery","volume":"33","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Card Surg"},{"key":"2024031522154610500_ezae079-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2020.0682","article-title":"Three-dimensional printing of congenital heart disease models for cardiac surgery simulation: evaluation of surgical skill improvement among inexperienced cardiothoracic surgeons","volume":"22","author":"Nam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Korean J 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