{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:57:06Z","timestamp":1785373026928,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research","award":["JP21K08647"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21K08647"]}]},{"name":"KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research","award":["JP18H02895"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18H02895"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tracheal regeneration is challenging owing to its unique anatomy and low blood supply. Most tracheal regeneration applications require scaffolds. Herein, we developed bio-three-dimensional-printed scaffold-free artificial tracheas.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We fabricated bio-three-dimensional-printed artificial tracheas. Their anterior surface comprised hyaline cartilage differentiated from mesenchymal stem cells, and their posterior surface comprised smooth muscle. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were cultured and differentiated into chondrocytes using fibroblast growth factor-2 and transforming growth factor-beta-3. Initially, horseshoe-shaped spheroids were printed to cover the anterior surface of the artificial trachea, followed by the application of human bronchial smooth muscle cells for the posterior surface. After a 3-week maturing process, the artificial trachea was subjected to histological and immunohistochemical analyses.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The anterior surface of the artificial trachea comprised well-differentiated hyaline cartilage from human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the smooth muscle expressed \u03b1-smooth muscle actin and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain 11.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A bio-three-dimensional-printed scaffold-free artificial trachea comprising different tissues at the front and back was successfully fabricated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezae336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T17:40:31Z","timestamp":1726767631000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Fabrication of a three-dimensional scaffold-free trachea with horseshoe-shaped hyaline cartilage"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Fumitake","family":"Uchida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Medical-Engineering Hybrid Professional Development Program, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4344-2322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keitaro","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Medical-Engineering Hybrid Professional Development Program, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3388-2754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masato","family":"Nishimuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Medical-Engineering Hybrid Professional Development Program, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takamune","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Medical-Engineering Hybrid Professional Development Program, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaido","family":"Oishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Medical-Engineering Hybrid Professional Development Program, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 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of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Medical-Engineering Hybrid Professional Development Program, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shosaburo","family":"Oyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Medical-Engineering Hybrid Professional Development Program, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8674-4403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaaki","family":"Moriyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Medical-Engineering Hybrid Professional Development Program, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Tomoshige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Medical-Engineering Hybrid Professional Development Program, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryoichiro","family":"Doi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Medical-Engineering Hybrid Professional Development Program, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Obata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Medical-Engineering Hybrid Professional Development Program, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuro","family":"Miyazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Medical-Engineering Hybrid Professional Development Program, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Nonaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , 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