{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T11:52:05Z","timestamp":1753876325623,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research, Health Services and Delivery Research Program","award":["12\/5005\/06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12\/5005\/06"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Prolonged pleural effusion\/chylothorax (PPE\/C) is a less investigated complication following paediatric cardiac surgery, and its true incidence, risk factors and impact on postoperative outcomes are not well described. We aim to address these gaps in knowledge using data from a prospective, multicentre study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data on 9 post-operative morbidities (unplanned reinterventions, extracorporeal life support, necrotising enterocolitis, PPE\/C, renal replacement therapy, major adverse events, acute neurological events, feeding issues and postsurgical infection) were prospectively collected at 5 UK centres between 2015 and 2017, following paediatric cardiac surgery. Incidence of PPE\/C, associations with procedure types, and risk factors were described. Mortality (30-day and 6-month) and hospital length of stay (HLoS) were compared between those with isolated PPE\/C, single non-PPE\/C morbidity, no morbidity, multimorbidity PPE\/C and non-PPE\/C multimorbidity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 3090 procedures (2861 patients) were included (median age, 228\u2009days). There were 202 PPE\/C (incidence of 6.5%), occurring at a median of 6\u2009days postoperatively (interquartile range: 3\u201310). PPE\/C was associated with excess early mortality only when complicating scenarios where at least 2 other post-operative morbidities occurred. On average PPE\/C is associated with 8 more HLoS days, but the relative impact is greatest when comparing isolated PPE\/C with no morbidity (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001), whereas in multimorbidity scenarios, PPE\/C does not significantly contribute to an increase of HLoS.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Addition of PPE\/C increases mortality but not HLoS in multimorbidity and HLoS only in single morbidity scenarios. This reinforces the important role of prevention, early detection and management of PPE\/C in complex situations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezae363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T21:25:42Z","timestamp":1728336342000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk factors and early outcomes associated with prolonged pleural effusion\/chylothorax after paediatric cardiac surgery"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2443-1019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan M","family":"Dorobantu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Health and Exercise Research Center, University of Exeter , Exeter,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Cardiology and Intensive Care Departments, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children and the Heart Institute , Bristol,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology and Intensive Care Departments, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children and the Heart Institute , Bristol,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0729-4959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children , London,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Ridout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population, Policy and Practice Programme, University College London , London,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Wellman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit Department, Evelina London Children\u2019s Hospital , London,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Cassidy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit Department, Birmingham Children\u2019s Hospital , Birmingham,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2857-1628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Pagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population, Policy and Practice Programme, University College London , London,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Warren","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children , London,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serban C","family":"Stoica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology and Intensive Care Departments, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children and the Heart Institute , Bristol,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024103010384379800_ezae363-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2069.64368","article-title":"Pleural effusions in children undergoing cardiac surgery","volume":"3","author":"Talwar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"2024103010384379800_ezae363-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e028533","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-028533","article-title":"What are the important morbidities associated with paediatric cardiac surgery? 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