{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T03:21:31Z","timestamp":1789269691902,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007330","name":"AtriCure, Inc","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The CEASE-AF trial demonstrated that epicardial-endocardial hybrid ablation (HA) had superior effectiveness compared to endocardial catheter ablation (CA) for non-paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), without significantly increasing major complications during a 12-month period. Most contemporary AF ablation trials have not evaluated durability beyond 12 months. Therefore, 24-month effectiveness and safety of HA and CA are compared.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CEASE-AF is a prospective, multicentre, randomized trial. Patients 18\u201375\u2009years of age with symptomatic, drug refractory persistent AF and left atrial diameter &amp;gt;4.0\u2009cm or long-standing persistent AF were randomized 2:1 to HA (posterior wall and pulmonary vein isolation with left atrial appendage exclusion) or CA (pulmonary vein isolation). Secondary effectiveness was freedom from AF\/atrial flutter\/atrial tachycardia off class I\/III anti-arrhythmic drugs except for those who previously failed at doses not exceeding those previously failed through a 24-month follow-up period. Major complications and reinterventions were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The intention-to-treat population was 102 patients with HA and 52 patients with CA. Seventy-five percent were male, 80.5% had persistent AF and 19.5% had long-standing persistent AF, with a mean age of 60.7\u2009\u00b1\u20097.9\u2009years. Effectiveness for 24 months was 66.3% (63\/95) with HA and 33.3% (17\/51) with CA [absolute difference 33.0% (95% confidence interval 14.3%, 48.3%; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001)]. Major complication rates were 10.8% (11\/102) with HA and 9.6% (5\/52) with CA (P\u2009=\u20091.0), and fewer patients had reinterventions after HA than CA [18.9% (18\/95) vs 52.9% (27\/51), P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001].<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CEASE-AF demonstrated that the 32.4% absolute benefit of HA over CA for 12 months was durable for 24 months at 33% with continued similar safety rates and fewer reinterventions after HA (funded by AtriCure, Inc.; NCT02695277).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinicaltrials.gov registration<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>NCT02695277<\/jats:p>\n               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