{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:22:24Z","timestamp":1790900544085,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Before introducing the new 7-year curriculum in 2021, cardiothoracic surgery trainees were required to complete a 2-year basic surgical training programme followed by 6 years of higher speciality training. The new curriculum eliminates the need for basic surgical training. It is outcome-based, requiring a minimum of 250 major cases performed as the first operator. We assess trainees\u2019 operative experiences over the past 16 years based on the requirements of the new curriculum. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on training was also investigated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All trainees who commenced higher cardiothoracic surgical training from 2007 and graduated were included. Operative volumes were categorised into 13 major procedures (6 cardiac and 7 thoracic). The total number of major cases logged and the time required to achieve 250 cases were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 290 trainees were included, of whom 145 (50%) had completed training with validated eLogbooks. The median number of cases logged was 378 (interquartile range [IQR]: 309, 474) for all trainees across their training period. Cardiac-themed trainees logged 378 (IQR: 312.5, 474.5) cases, of which 202 (IQR: 166.5, 257.0) were coronary artery bypass grafting, followed by aortic valve surgery (n\u2009=\u200939, 14%, IQR: 15, 54.5). Thoracic-themed trainees logged 383.5 (IQR: 304.5, 469.75) cases, of which 345 (IQR: 270.25, 457.75) were anatomical lung resections followed by surgery for secondary pneumothorax (n\u2009=\u2009124, 35%, IQR: 100.25, 165.0). The median time required to achieve 250 cases was 6.25 and 5.25 years for cardiac and thoracic trainees, respectively. There was an increase in time for trainees to complete higher surgical training before and during\/after the COVID-19 pandemic (median 6 [IQR: 5, 8] vs 7 [IQR: 6, 10] years, P\u2009=\u20090.01).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The new 2021 curriculum\u2019s target of 250 major cases appears feasible. However, post-COVID-19 reductions in surgical volume and the removal of basic surgical training require integration and reform to ensure trainees can complete the programme in the 7-year timeframe.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezaf228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T15:55:20Z","timestamp":1752076520000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["An Analysis of Trainees\u2019 Operative Experiences Over the Past 16 Years Based on the Requirements of the New 2021 Cardiothoracic Surgery Curriculum in the United Kingdom and Ireland"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3009-5712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol , Bristol BS2 8ED,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel P","family":"Fudulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol , Bristol BS2 8ED,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1953-0063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol , Bristol BS2 8ED,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hunaid A","family":"Vohra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol , Bristol BS2 8ED,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5573-7080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianni D","family":"Angelini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol , Bristol BS2 8ED,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092818014964900_ezaf228-B1","author":"Marjan","year":"2021"},{"key":"2025092818014964900_ezaf228-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2021.07.004","article-title":"Comparison of cardiothoracic surgical training before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom","volume":"7","author":"Abdel Shafi","year":"2021","journal-title":"JTCVS Open"},{"key":"2025092818014964900_ezaf228-B3","first-page":"e73682","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 on the job satisfaction of cardiothoracic trainees in the United Kingdom: an insight from the General Medical Council national training survey","volume":"16","author":"O'Hanlon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"2025092818014964900_ezaf228-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/bjsopen\/zrab051","article-title":"The quantitative impact of COVID-19 on surgical training in the United Kingdom","volume":"5","author":"Clements","year":"2021","journal-title":"BJS Open"},{"key":"2025092818014964900_ezaf228-B5","author":"Competition ratios","year":"2024"},{"key":"2025092818014964900_ezaf228-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2018.11.076","article-title":"Cardiothoracic surgery training in the United Kingdom","volume":"157","author":"Zakkar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2025092818014964900_ezaf228-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpsur.2020.07.005","article-title":"The new general surgical curriculum and ISCP","volume":"38","author":"Lund","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surgery (Oxf)"},{"key":"2025092818014964900_ezaf228-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivac213","article-title":"Basic principles of cardiothoracic surgery training: a position paper by the European Association for Cardiothoracic Surgery Residents Committee","volume":"35","author":"Zientara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Interact CardioVasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2025092818014964900_ezaf228-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2020.11.168","article-title":"Trends in the traditional cardiothoracic surgery resident operative experience for cardiac cases: an analysis of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education case logs","volume":"161","author":"Shah","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc 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