{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T10:00:38Z","timestamp":1783764038131,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The impact of non-diabetic hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance on infection-related mortality risk remains unknown.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We investigated the association of glycaemic status and insulin resistance with infection-related mortality in individuals with and without diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cohort study based on Kangbuk Samsung Health Study and national death records.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>About 666 888 Korean adults who underwent fasting blood measurements including glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and insulin during health-screening examinations were followed for up to 15.8 years.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main outcome and measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Infection-related mortality, therefore we used Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for infection-related mortality. Vital status and infection-related mortality were ascertained through national death records. Variable categories were created based on established cut-offs for glucose and HbA1c levels and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) quintiles.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During a median follow-up of 8.3 years, 313 infectious disease deaths were dentified. The associations of glucose and HbA1c levels with infection-related mortality were J-shaped (P for quadratic trend&amp;lt;.05). The multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CIs) for infection-related mortality comparing glucose levels &amp;lt;5, 5.6-6.9, and \u22657.0 mmol\/L to 5.0\u20135.5 mmol\/L (the reference) were 2.31 (1.47\u20133.64), 1.65 (1.05\u20132.60), and 3.41 (1.66\u20137.00), respectively. Among individuals without diabetes, the multivariable-adjusted HR for infection-related mortality for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR \u226575th centile versus &amp;lt;75th centile) was 1.55 (1.04\u20132.32).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions and relevance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Both low and high glycaemic levels and insulin resistance were independently associated with increased infection-related mortality risk, indicating a possible role of abnormal glucose metabolism in increased infection-related mortality.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvad011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T17:01:57Z","timestamp":1675962117000},"page":"197-205","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Glycaemic status, insulin resistance, and risk of infection-related mortality: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"188","author":[{"given":"Hae Suk","family":"Cheong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea, 03181"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6945-9050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoosoo","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea, 03181"},{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea, 04514"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University , Seoul, Republic of Korea, 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03181"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7824-2569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah H","family":"Wild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom, EH8 9AG"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher D","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton , Southampton, United Kingdom, SO16 6YD"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton , Southampton, United Kingdom, SO16 6YD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3927-8646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seungho","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk 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