{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T06:01:07Z","timestamp":1771567267415,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004212","name":"P\u00e4ivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004212","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006306","name":"Sigrid Jus\u00e9lius Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006306","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008723","name":"Finnish Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008723","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to describe the course of puberty and hypogonadism in males with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy\u2013candidiasis\u2013ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) in a Finnish APECED cohort followed up between 1970 and 2020. Anthropometry, testicular volumes and FSH, LH, and testosterone concentrations were analyzed retrospectively. Forty-three males were followed up until the median age of 42.5 years (range, 16.2-74.8). All subjects fulfilled the clinical criteria for APECED. The median age at the onset of spontaneous puberty was 13.3 years (10.8-14.8). Testosterone medication was used to promote pubertal development from the median age of 14.9 years (13.5-15.7), for 0.7-3.3 years in 8 patients. The median adult height was 173.0\u2005cm and differed from the mid-parental target height on average \u22121.3 SDS (P &amp;lt; .001). Hypogonadism was treated in 6 patients (14%). Azoospermia was found in 3 patients. Further studies are required to explore the role of the autoimmune regulator in sperm production and testicular insufficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvad034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T19:19:04Z","timestamp":1678821544000},"page":"K17-K23","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pubertal development and hypogonadism in males with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy\u2013candidiasis\u2013ectodermal dystrophy: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"188","author":[{"given":"Emilia","family":"Tr\u00e4skil\u00e4","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital and Paediatric Research Centre, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland"},{"name":"Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3572-1337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elina","family":"Holopainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0877-9640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikko I","family":"M\u00e4yr\u00e4np\u00e4\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2228-334X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorma","family":"Toppari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrated Physiology and Pharmacology, and Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku , Turku , Finland"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Turku University Hospital , Turku , Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4547-001X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Outi","family":"M\u00e4kitie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital and Paediatric Research Centre, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland"},{"name":"Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland"},{"name":"Folkh\u00e4lsan Research 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