{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:59:25Z","timestamp":1791939565954,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Else Kr\u00f6ner-Fresenius Stiftung","award":["2012_A103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012_A103"]}]},{"name":"Else Kr\u00f6ner-Fresenius Stiftung","award":["2015_A228"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015_A228"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["314061271-TRR 205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["314061271-TRR 205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["413635475"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["413635475"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Clinician Scientist Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS) leads to profound immunosuppression. Successful surgery induces biochemical remission and reversal of immunosuppression, which is characterized by clinical signs of glucocorticoid withdrawal and associated with increased susceptibility to infections and thromboembolic complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We hypothesized that the glucocorticoid withdrawal phase is characterized by low-grade inflammation that may be related to patient-relevant outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this retrospective observational study, we analyzed longitudinal data from 80 patients with CS prospectively enrolled in the German Cushing's registry between 2012 and 2021. All enrolled patients underwent successful surgery. In a second step, a case\u2013control study was performed in 25 of the patients with age-, gender-, and body mass index\u2013matched control patients in whom hypercortisolism was excluded. Analyses included the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, as well as body composition, muscle function testing, and quality-of-life questionnaires. The patients were studied during active CS and in the postoperative remission phase 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with the preoperative phase and matched controls, patients with CS had increased systemic inflammatory markers in the early remission phase. One month following surgery, median (interquartile range) C-reactive protein was 0.48\u2005mg dL\u22121 (0.14-0.90) vs 0.10\u2005mg dL\u22121 (0.06-0.39) during active CS (P \u2264 .001). Similarly, interleukin-6 1 month after surgery was 7.2\u2005pg mL\u22121 (3.3-11.7) vs 1.7\u2005pg mL\u22121 (1.5-2.5) during active CS (P \u2264 .001). Obesity and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were associated with increased inflammation levels. This proinflammatory state lasted until 1 year following surgery. Moreover, inflammatory markers during early remission showed an inverse correlation with long-term muscle function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The glucocorticoid withdrawal phase is associated with a low-grade inflammatory state, which is particularly pronounced in obese and hyperglycemic patients and related to lower muscle function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvad041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T16:11:02Z","timestamp":1679587862000},"page":"375-384","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Low-grade inflammation during the glucocorticoid withdrawal phase in patients with Cushing's syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"188","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8821-8968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederick","family":"Vogel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4963-5184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leah","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Zopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Schreiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Benz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7260-0748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"German","family":"Rubinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"K\u00fcnzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Ritzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Kroiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7249-8077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Honegger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of T\u00fcbingen , T\u00fcbingen , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7826-3984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Beuschlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich , Germany"},{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Klinische Ern\u00e4hrung, Universit\u00e4tsSpital Z\u00fcrich (USZ) und Universit\u00e4t Z\u00fcrich (UZH) , Zurich , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8667-0296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina","family":"Schilbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Teupser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4681-6668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Bidlingmaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9817-9875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Reincke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M133","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0354","article-title":"Metabolic comorbidities in Cushing's syndrome","volume":"173","author":"Ferra\u00f9","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-02524","article-title":"Overall and disease-specific mortality in patients with Cushing disease: a Swedish nationwide study","volume":"104","author":"Ragnarsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac265","article-title":"The effect of endogenous Cushing's syndrome on all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"107","author":"Limumpornpetch","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-1818","article-title":"Treatment of Cushing\u2019s syndrome: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"100","author":"Nieman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4490","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa625","article-title":"Persisting muscle dysfunction in Cushing's syndrome despite biochemical remission","volume":"105","author":"Vogel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023041004475064400_","first-page":"2664","article-title":"Persistence of increased cardiovascular risk in patients with Cushing\u2019s disease after five years of successful cure","volume":"84","author":"Colao","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1640","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1945","article-title":"Long-term cognitive impairments and attentional deficits in patients with Cushing\u2019s disease and cortisol-producing adrenal adenoma in remission","volume":"97","author":"Ragnarsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101505","article-title":"Quality of life in Cushing's syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Bride","year":"2021","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173653","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/173653","article-title":"Mental fatigue and executive dysfunction in patients with Cushing's syndrome in remission","volume":"2015","author":"Papakokkinou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)30005-5","article-title":"Mortality in patients with Cushing's disease more than 10 years after remission: a multicentre, multinational, retrospective cohort study","volume":"4","author":"Clayton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)00086-3","article-title":"Complications of Cushing's syndrome: state of the art","volume":"4","author":"Pivonello","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2035","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab058","article-title":"Acute and life-threatening complications in Cushing syndrome: prevalence, predictors, and mortality","volume":"106","author":"Schernthaner-Reiter","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-19-0464","article-title":"High mortality within 90 days of diagnosis in patients with Cushing\u2019s syndrome: results from the ERCUSYN registry","volume":"181","author":"Valassi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3582","article-title":"Multisystem morbidity and mortality in Cushing's syndrome: a cohort study","volume":"98","author":"Dekkers","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2616","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa291","article-title":"Excess morbidity persists in patients with Cushing's disease during long-term remission: a Swedish nationwide study","volume":"105","author":"Papakokkinou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bvz033","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvz033","article-title":"Hypercoagulability in Cushing syndrome, prevalence of thrombotic events: a large, single-center, retrospective study","volume":"4","author":"Suarez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3525","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1661","article-title":"Incidence of venous thromboembolism in patients with Cushing\u2019s syndrome: a multicenter cohort study","volume":"96","author":"Stuijver","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023041004475064400_","first-page":"3662","article-title":"Anticoagulant prophylaxis markedly reduces thromboembolic complications in Cushing\u2019s syndrome","volume":"87","author":"Boscaro","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1670","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1317","article-title":"Overt immune dysfunction after Cushing's syndrome remission: a consecutive case series and review of the literature","volume":"96","author":"da Mota","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2000.01018.x","article-title":"Increased prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in patients successfully treated for Cushing's disease","volume":"53","author":"Colao","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(93)90289-2","article-title":"Exacerbation of celiac disease after cure of Cushing's disease","volume":"95","author":"Candrina","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"24","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199006143222404","article-title":"Exacerbation of autoimmune thyroid dysfunction after unilateral adrenalectomy in patients with Cushing's syndrome due to an adrenocortical adenoma","volume":"322","author":"Takasu","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03348914","article-title":"Development of autoimmune thyroid dysfunction after bilateral adrenalectomy in a patient with Carney's complex and after removal of ACTH-producing pituitary adenoma in a patient with Cushing's disease","volume":"16","author":"Takasu","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"6979","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.310.6979.567","article-title":"Sarcoidosis presenting after resection of an adrenocortical adenoma","volume":"310","author":"Steuer","year":"1995","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1998.00489.x","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus after pituitary adenomectomy in a patient with Cushing's disease","volume":"48","author":"Noguchi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.42.219","article-title":"Exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis after removal of adrenal adenoma in Cushing's syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Yakushiji","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvab109","article-title":"Patient and provider perspectives on postsurgical recovery of Cushing syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Acree","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023041004475064400_","first-page":"912","article-title":"The longitudinal course of psychopathology in Cushing's syndrome after correction of hypercortisolism","volume":"82","author":"Dorn","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.01953","article-title":"Steroid withdrawal syndrome after successful treatment of Cushing's syndrome: a reminder","volume":"153","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-022-01218-y","article-title":"Glucocorticoid withdrawal syndrome following treatment of endogenous Cushing syndrome","volume":"25","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00766","article-title":"Toward a diagnostic score in Cushing's syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Braun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00235-7","article-title":"Consensus on diagnosis and management of Cushing's disease: a guideline update","volume":"9","author":"Fleseriu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3723","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac379","article-title":"Whom should we screen for Cushing's syndrome: The Endocrine Society Practice Guideline Recommendations 2008 revisited","volume":"107","author":"Braun","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70142-1","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of adrenal insufficiency","volume":"3","author":"Bancos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-1710","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of primary adrenal insufficiency: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"101","author":"Bornstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023041004475064400_","first-page":"69","article-title":"Grip and pinch strength: normative data for adults","volume":"66","author":"Mathiowetz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-20-1285","article-title":"Patients with low IGF-I after curative surgery for Cushing's syndrome have an adverse long-term outcome of hypercortisolism-induced myopathy","volume":"184","author":"Vogel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-07-0762","article-title":"Evaluation of health-related quality of life in patients with Cushing's syndrome with a new questionnaire","volume":"158","author":"Webb","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1159\/000431022","article-title":"Validation of the Tuebingen CD-25 inventory as a measure of postoperative health-related quality of life in patients treated for Cushing's disease","volume":"102","author":"Milian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-004-0933-1","article-title":"Methodological views on the SF-36 summary scores based on the adult German population","volume":"47","author":"Ellert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4033","article-title":"The effect of biochemical remission on bone metabolism in Cushing's syndrome: a 2-year follow-up study","volume":"35","author":"Braun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2009.0891","article-title":"Anabolic and catabolic biomarkers as predictors of muscle strength decline: the InCHIANTI study","volume":"13","author":"Stenholm","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rejuvenation Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2021.1069","article-title":"Cushing syndrome associated myopathy: it is time for a change","volume":"36","author":"Reincke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03345709","article-title":"Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients with Cushing\u2019s syndrome: increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, decreased tissue factor pathway inhibitor, and unchanged thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor levels","volume":"32","author":"Erem","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R207","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-20-1309","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk assessment, thromboembolism and infection prevention in Cushing's syndrome\u2014a practical approach","volume":"184","author":"Varlamov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13521","article-title":"Translational evidence of prothrombotic and inflammatory endothelial damage in Cushing syndrome after remission","volume":"88","author":"Aranda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.81.6.8964868","article-title":"Acute glucocorticoid deficiency is associated with plasma elevations of interleukin-6: does the latter participate in the symptomatology of the steroid withdrawal syndrome and adrenal insufficiency?","volume":"81","author":"Papanicolaou","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13230","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokines remain elevated despite long-term remission in Cushing's disease: a prospective study","volume":"86","author":"Shah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3365","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0766","article-title":"Persistent body fat mass and inflammatory marker increases after long-term cure of Cushing's syndrome","volume":"94","author":"Barahona","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0059-4","article-title":"Inflammaging: a new immune-metabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases","volume":"14","author":"Franceschi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2017.10.003","article-title":"Inflammageing and metaflammation: the yin and yang of type 2 diabetes","volume":"41","author":"Prattichizzo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"7640","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21363","article-title":"Inflammation, metaflammation and immunometabolic disorders","volume":"542","author":"Hotamisligil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25092224","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory strategies targeting metaflammation in type 2 diabetes","volume":"25","author":"Kurylowicz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"S2","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S50","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801278","article-title":"The role of stress and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome: neuro-endocrine and target tissue-related causes","volume":"24","author":"Chrousos","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-19-0168","article-title":"Chronic hypercortisolism causes more persistent visceral adiposity than HFD-induced obesity","volume":"242","author":"Garc\u00eda-Eguren","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-02552","article-title":"Active Cushing disease is characterized by increased adipose tissue macrophage presence","volume":"104","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023041004475064400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2001-0014","article-title":"Endocrine withdrawal syndromes","volume":"24","author":"Hochberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ejendo\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ejendo\/lvad041\/49648441\/lvad041.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ejendo\/article-pdf\/188\/4\/375\/49803898\/lvad041.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ejendo\/article-pdf\/188\/4\/375\/49803898\/lvad041.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]],"date-time":"2023-12-09T13:49:43Z","timestamp":1702129783000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ejendo\/article\/188\/4\/375\/7086907"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejendo\/lvad041","relation":{},"ISSN":["0804-4643","1479-683X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0804-4643","type":"print"},{"value":"1479-683X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]]}}}