{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:18:32Z","timestamp":1787008712614,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["016.VICI.170.200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["016.VICI.170.200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["91717331"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91717331"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S17-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S17-19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Australian National Health and Medical Research Council","award":["1031119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1031119"]}]},{"name":"Australian National Health and Medical Research Council","award":["1087407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1087407"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DP1093900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP1093900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["102215\/2\/13\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["102215\/2\/13\/2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000883","name":"University of Bristol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000883","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Genome-wide association studies in adults have identified 42 loci associated with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and 21 loci associated with free thyroxine (FT4) concentrations. While biologically plausible, age-dependent effects have not been assessed. We aimed to study the association of previously identified genetic determinants of TSH and FT4 with TSH and FT4 concentrations in newborns and (pre)school children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We selected participants from three population-based prospective cohorts with data on genetic variants and thyroid function: Generation R (N = 2169 children, mean age 6 years; N = 2388 neonates, the Netherlands), the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC; N = 3382, age 7.5 years, United Kingdom), and the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study (BLTS; N = 1680, age 12.1 years, Australia). The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with TSH and FT4 concentrations was studied with multivariable linear regression models. Weighted polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were defined to combine SNP effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In childhood, 30\/60 SNPs were associated with TSH and 11\/31 SNPs with FT4 after multiple testing correction. The effect sizes for AADAT, GLIS3, TM4SF4, and VEGFA were notably larger than in adults. The TSH PRS explained 5.3%-8.4% of the variability in TSH concentrations; the FT4 PRS explained 1.5%-4.2% of the variability in FT4 concentrations. Five TSH SNPs and no FT4 SNPs were associated with thyroid function in neonates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The effects of many known thyroid function SNPs are already apparent in childhood and some might be notably larger in children as compared to adults. These findings provide new knowledge about genetic regulation of thyroid function in early life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvad086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T16:27:48Z","timestamp":1690907268000},"page":"164-174","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Genetic determinants of thyroid function in children"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"189","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0715-661X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tessa A","family":"Mulder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center , Rotterdam, CA 3000 , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center , Rotterdam , CA 3000, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center , Rotterdam, CA 3000 , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Purdey J","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital , Nedlands, WA 6009 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3436-422X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter N","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thyroid Research Group, Cardiff University School of Medicine , Cardiff , CF14 4YS, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin P","family":"Peeters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center , Rotterdam , CA 3000, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott G","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital , Nedlands, WA 6009 , Australia"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia , Perth, WA 6009 , Australia"},{"name":"Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London , London , WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7271-7858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Medici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center , Rotterdam , CA 3000, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Dayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Endocrine and Diabetes Science, Cardiff University School of Medicine , Cardiff, CF14 4YS , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent V W","family":"Jaddoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center , Rotterdam, CA 3000 , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center , Rotterdam, 3000 CA , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital , Nedlands, WA 6009 , Australia"},{"name":"Medical School, The University of Western Australia , Crawley, WA 6009 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4069-8020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas G","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane, QLD 4006 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4395-1397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henning","family":"Tiemeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center , Rotterdam, CA 3000 , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard T.H. 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