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TS affects multiple organs through all stages of life, necessitating multidisciplinary care. This guideline extends previous ones and includes important new advances, within diagnostics and genetics, estrogen treatment, fertility, co-morbidities, and neurocognition and neuropsychology. Exploratory meetings were held in 2021 in Europe and United States culminating with a consensus meeting in Aarhus, Denmark in June 2023. Prior to this, eight groups addressed important areas in TS care: (1) diagnosis and genetics, (2) growth, (3) puberty and estrogen treatment, (4) cardiovascular health, (5) transition, (6) fertility assessment, monitoring, and counselling, (7) health surveillance for comorbidities throughout the lifespan, and (8) neurocognition and its implications for mental health and well-being. Each group produced proposals for the present guidelines, which were meticulously discussed by the entire group. Four pertinent questions were submitted for formal GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) evaluation with systematic review of the literature. The guidelines project was initiated by the European Society for Endocrinology and the Pediatric Endocrine Society, in collaboration with members from the European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology, the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, the European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions, the Society for Endocrinology, and the European Society of Cardiology, Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology, Australia and New Zealand Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Latin American Society for Pediatric Endocrinology, Arab Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, and the Asia Pacific Pediatric Endocrine Society. Advocacy groups appointed representatives for pre-meeting discussions and the consensus meeting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvae050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T16:13:27Z","timestamp":1715616807000},"page":"G53-G151","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":233,"title":["Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"190","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5924-1720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claus H","family":"Gravholt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital , 8200 Aarhus N , Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital , 8200 Aarhus N , Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , 8200 Aarhus N , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels H","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital , 9000 Aalborg , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6057-6840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Christin-Maitre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine and Reproductive Medicine Unit, Center of Rare Endocrine Diseases of Growth and Development (CMERCD), FIRENDO, Endo ERN H\u00f4pital Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne University, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris , 75012 Paris , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanlee M","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, CO 80045 , United States"},{"name":"eXtraOrdinarY Kids Clinic, Children's Hospital Colorado , Aurora, CO 80045 , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthonie","family":"Duijnhouwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen 6500 HB , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aneta","family":"Gawlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia , 40-752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea T","family":"Maciel-Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas , 13083-888 S\u00e3o Paulo , Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0135-4516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iris","family":"Gutmark-Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio 45229 , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Fleischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, Nij Geertgen Center for Fertility , Ripseweg 9, 5424 SM Elsendorp , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA 94304 , United States"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA 94304 , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen O","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rady Children's Hospital, University of California , San Diego, CA 92123 , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6341-9624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siddharth K","family":"Prakash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, TX 77030 , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9653-8865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roopa Kanakatti","family":"Shankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Children's National Hospital, The George Washington University School of Medicine , Washington, DC 20010 , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7389-8283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David E","family":"Sandberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Susan B. 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