{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T14:53:22Z","timestamp":1792248802705,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002661","name":"Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["40011958"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["40011958"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pituitary adenomas (PAs)\u2014also now called pituitary neuroendocrine tumours or Pit-NETS\u2014are rare in children and adolescents and exceptional below the age of 10. Most evidence-based high-quality data are derived from larger studies in adult patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We will review recent knowledge on the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment modalities of the different types of pituitary adenomas diagnosed in children and adolescents, emphasizing the many reasons why these cases should be discussed within pituitary-specific multidisciplinary teams with experts from both paediatric and adult practice.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Paediatric PA presents multiple peculiarities that may challenge their adequate management. They are overall proportionally larger and more aggressive than in adults, with potential mass effects including hypopituitarism. Hormonal hypersecretion is frequent, resulting in clinical syndromes affecting normal growth and pubertal development. Prolactinomas represent the most frequent subtype of PA found during childhood, followed by adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and growth hormone (GH)\u2013secreting adenomas, while clinically non-functioning adenomas are exceptionally diagnosed before the age of 16. The occurrence of a pituitary tumour in a young individual should also prompt genetic testing in each case, searching for either germline mutations in one of the known genes that may drive inherited\/familial PA (such as the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or MEN1 gene, or the aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein or AIP gene), or for a mosaic activating mutation of GNAS as found in the McCune-Albright syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvae120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T23:06:06Z","timestamp":1728342366000},"page":"R55-R69","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Diagnosis and management of pituitary adenomas in children and adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"191","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0918-637X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominique","family":"Maiter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, UCLouvain Cliniques universitaires Saint Luc , 1200 Brussels ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Chanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, H\u00f4pital Bic\u00eatre, Service d\u2019Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence des Maladies Rares de l\u2019Hypophyse HYPO , 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan Matei","family":"Constantinescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, UCLouvain Cliniques universitaires Saint Luc , 1200 Brussels ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3455-002X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agn\u00e8s","family":"Linglart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM-U1185, Paris Sud Paris-Saclay University and AP-HP Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes for Children, Bic\u00eatre Paris Sud Hospital , 64 Gabriel P\u00e9ri Street, 94270 Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2024102913464764800_lvae120-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-022-09703-7","article-title":"Overview of the 2022 WHO Classification of Pituitary Tumors","volume":"33","author":"Asa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr 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