{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:46:30Z","timestamp":1790739990182,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003035","name":"Aase Einar Danielsen Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23-10-0145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-10-0145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003035","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF23OC0081911"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF23OC0081911"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder linked to insulin resistance and elevated androgens. While ketogenic diets reduce androgen and glucose levels in women with PCOS, the direct role of \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether BHB supplementation acutely lowers circulating androgen and glucose levels in women with PCOS.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial was conducted involving 20 women diagnosed with PCOS. Participants underwent fasting blood sampling on 2 occasions. They were randomly assigned to receive either a ketone supplement or a taste-matched placebo. Each intervention was administered over 10 h, with 1 dose administered the evening before and another 2 h prior to blood collection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Following BHB supplementation, blood D-\u03b2-hydroxybutyrate levels reached 2.4 \u00b1 1.2\u2005mM, compared with 0.1 \u00b1 0.1\u2005mM in the control group (P &amp;lt; .001). Androgen concentrations were generally lower with BHB supplementation, with mean reductions in testosterone (\u221213%, 95% CI, \u221227 to 1, P = .067), free testosterone (\u221221%, 95% CI, \u221243% to 1%, P = .057), androstenedione (\u221214%, 95% CI, \u221229 to 0, P = .050), and 11-ketotestosterone (\u221221%, 95% CI, \u221238 to \u22124, P = .020) compared with control. Fasting plasma glucose levels were 4.6 \u00b1 0.7\u2005mM after BHB supplementation, versus 5.1 \u00b1 0.4\u2005mM in the placebo group (mean \u221210%, 95% CI, \u22125% to \u221215%, P &amp;lt; .001).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ketone supplementation acutely lowers androgen and glucose levels in women with PCOS. These findings highlight the potential for ketone-based therapies as a novel treatment for PCOS and suggest the need for long-term clinical trials to further explore these effects.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinical trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05762822).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvaf106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T21:44:07Z","timestamp":1747777447000},"page":"717-727","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Ketone supplementation acutely lowers androgen and glucose levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"192","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9938-2181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaj","family":"Rittig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital , 8200 Aarhus N ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus (SDCA), Aarhus University Hospital , 8200 Aarhus N ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital Horsens , 8700 Horsens ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Christiansen Arlien-S\u00f8borg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital , 8200 Aarhus N ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mads V","family":"Svart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital , 8200 Aarhus N ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus (SDCA), Aarhus University Hospital , 8200 Aarhus N ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik Holm","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Medical Diagnostic Center, University Clinic for Innovative Patient Pathways, Regional Hospital Central Jutland , 8800 Viborg ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirstine","family":"Kirkegaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital , 8200 Aarhus N ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinnie H","family":"Greve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital , 8200 Aarhus N ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mette M\u00f8lby","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital , 8200 Aarhus N ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4408-3413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirstine","family":"Stochholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital , 8200 Aarhus N ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie Juul","family":"Ornstrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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