{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T21:00:18Z","timestamp":1788210018438,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy of long-term tocilizumab (TCZ) therapy in patients with corticosteroid-resistant moderate-to-severe thyroid eye disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a single-center retrospective study involving 26 patients treated with 12 months of TCZ. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving a clinical activity score (CAS) &amp;lt; 3 six months (M6) after TCZ initiation. Secondary outcomes included measuring changes in proptosis, diplopia, intraocular pressure, and the detection of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin at 3-month intervals until M18, compared to baseline. The signal intensity ratio was assessed on T2 fat-saturated sequence magnetic resonance imaging before treatment and M6 after commencing TCZ.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At M6, 58% of patients achieved a CAS &amp;lt; 3 (P &amp;lt; .001). The proportion of patients with a CAS &amp;lt; 3 significantly increased, and the median CAS declined from M3 to M18 compared to baseline, as well as from M9 and M12 compared to M6. There was a significant reduction in the proportion of patients experiencing proptosis, diplopia, the median IOP, and the detection of TSI throughout the follow-up period. At M12, 2 patients (7.7%) persisted with a CAS \u2265 3, and 2\/24 patients (8.3%) experienced a relapse by M18. Additionally, a significant decrease in both the SIR and the thickness of orbital muscles was observed between M0 and M6.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six months-TCZ therapy results in control of more than half of patients with corticosteroid-resistant TED and may provide additional improvements beyond M6. MRI might assist in the management of TED.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvaf227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:02:13Z","timestamp":1762520533000},"page":"613-621","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Long-term tocilizumab therapy in patients with corticosteroid-resistant active moderate-to-severe thyroid eye disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"193","author":[{"given":"Florian","family":"Dalmas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, H\u00f4pital Nord, Assistance Publique \u2013 H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille (AP-HM) , Marseille 13015 ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Clinical Investigation Centre U1409, H\u00f4pital de La Conception, AP-HM, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University , Marseille 13005 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