{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T12:14:14Z","timestamp":1774527254122,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Limited data exist regarding the incidence of glucocorticoid-induced adrenal insufficiency (AI). The incidence of hospitalization for AI remains poorly characterized. In a retrospective propensity score\u2013matched cohort study, we assessed the incidence of AI and hospitalization for AI in patients receiving long-term systemic or inhaled corticosteroids compared with those receiving nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design\/Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were recruited from the TriNetX Research Collaborative network. Using propensity score matching (1:1), we compared adults receiving long-term (&amp;gt;3 months) systemic or inhaled corticosteroids with those treated with NSAIDs. We assessed the rates of AI diagnosis and hospitalization for AI in the two groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After matching, 243 430 patients on systemic corticosteroids and 315 237 patients on inhaled corticosteroids were compared with corresponding NSAID-treated controls. Mean age was 56.5 \u00b1 18 years. Over a mean follow-up of 2.4 \u00b1 1.9 years, long-term systemic corticosteroid use was associated with higher rates of AI diagnosis (0.20% vs 0.04% per year; HR 6.32, 95% CI 5.50-7.26, P &amp;lt; .001) and hospitalization for AI (0.02% vs 0.008% per year; HR 3.52, 95% CI 2.57-4.84, P &amp;lt; .001). Inhaled corticosteroid use was associated with increased AI diagnosis (0.05% vs 0.04% per year; HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.34-1.80, P &amp;lt; .001) but not with hospitalization for AI (HR 1.26, 95% CI 0.91-1.76, P = .17).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long-term systemic corticosteroid use substantially increases the risk of both AI diagnosis and hospitalization for AI. Inhaled corticosteroids confer a modest increase in AI diagnosis without significantly elevating hospitalization risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvag051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T12:20:31Z","timestamp":1773404431000},"page":"422-430","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk of hospitalization for adrenal insufficiency following long-term systemic and inhaled corticosteroid use: a comparative TriNetX network analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"194","author":[{"given":"Patricia","family":"Vaduva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, Rennes University Hospital , 16 boulevard de Bulgarie, Rennes 35000 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