{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T01:26:42Z","timestamp":1777771602443,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To quantify the risk of post-iodinated contrast media (ICM) thyroid dysfunction and identify clinical predictors in adults with nontoxic goiter.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single-center retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study (2010\u20132023) of adults with intravenous ICM exposure after \u22651-year ICM-free baseline. Nontoxic goiter was identified via ICD codes, with ultrasound as sensitivity analysis. Goiter cases were 1:8 propensity score matched to controls by age, sex, comorbidities, and medications. The primary outcome was thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-defined thyroid dysfunction within 2 years after ICM exposure. Additional sensitivity analyses included cases with concurrent abnormal free T4 or T3 levels, and cases with subsequent thyroid-related medication use. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were estimated using logistic regression, and repeated ICM exposure during follow-up was examined as a risk factor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After matching, 1347 goiter cases and 10 776 controls were analyzed. TSH-defined dysfunction occurred in 4.8% vs 1.4% within 2 years (OR, 3.46; 95% CI, 2.57-4.66). Sensitivity analyses using stricter definitions showed consistent results. In adjusted models, nontoxic goiter remained independently associated with dysfunction (aOR, 3.10; 95% CI, 2.39-4.02). Additional predictors included amiodarone use (aOR, 11.34; 95% CI, 8.60-14.94), repeated ICM exposure (aOR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.34-1.77), and female (aOR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.69-2.22). Findings were consistent when goiter was defined sonographically (309 vs 2472; OR, 3.76; 95% CI, 2.22-6.38).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nontoxic goiter was linked to a 3-fold increased risk of thyroid dysfunction post-ICM, supporting targeted screening, and TSH monitoring in high-risk populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvag069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T11:17:40Z","timestamp":1776511060000},"page":"555-565","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk of post-contrast thyroid dysfunction in non-toxic goiter: a matched cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"194","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 402 ,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Education, Changhua Christian Hospital , Changhua 500 ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chew-Teng","family":"Kor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Big Data Center, Changhua Christian Hospital , Changhua 500 ,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 402 ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5922-2295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yen-Tze","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 402 ,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Education, Changhua Christian Hospital , Changhua 500 ,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Big Data Center, Changhua Christian Hospital , Changhua 500 ,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 402 ,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital , Changhua 500 ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2026042912515046900_lvag069-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4469","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13124469","article-title":"Iodine: its role in thyroid hormone biosynthesis and beyond","volume":"13","author":"Sorrenti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026042912515046900_lvag069-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1586\/eem.10.40","article-title":"Role of iodine in thyroid physiology","volume":"5","author":"Leung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Rev Endocrinol 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