{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T18:13:12Z","timestamp":1784139192804,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are sporadic and occur predominantly in older patients. Early-age disease onset has been increasingly observed in NENs. We aimed to assess the clinical features and outcomes of young adults with sporadic NENs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a retrospective study that gathered 20 institutions from 12 countries under the auspices of Women in NET (WiN) ENETS group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Young patients aged 18-40 years diagnosed with sporadic NENs (well and poorly differentiated) from 2010 to 2020 were enrolled. Patients with appendiceal and type 1 gastric NETs, hereditary syndromes, synchronous malignancy, pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, and medullary thyroid cancer were excluded. Descriptive statistics, comparisons between groups, survival, and Cox multivariable analysis were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 478 young patients with sporadic NENs were enrolled. Localised (62%, n = 249), well-differentiated (92%, n = 433), non-functioning tumours (81%, n = 384), and women (58%, n = 277) were more prevalent. The pancreas was the most common primary site (33%, n = 159). Metastatic disease at diagnosis was more often found in men than women (47%, n = 78 vs. 33%, n = 78, P = .004). Five-year overall survival was 82%. Overall survival was significantly longer in women than men (P = .019), as well as in rectal (P = .00245) and lung (P = .0027) primary tumours compared to pancreatic NENs. The multivariable analysis identified stage, Ki-67, morphology, and gender as independent predictors of survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Young patients with NENs often present with well-differentiated and localised tumours, thereby increasing the probability of curative surgical resection. Prospective research into molecular biology is needed to identify distinct NEN features in young adults and determine risk factors to tailor effective treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvag100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T13:41:29Z","timestamp":1781530889000},"page":"111-123","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical presentation and outcomes of sporadic neuroendocrine neoplasms in young adults"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"195","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0321-4832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Malczewska-Herman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumours, Medical University of Silesia , 40-514 Katowice ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8156-2915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anja","family":"Rinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps University Marburg , 35043 Marburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2133-5980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pernille","family":"Holmager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital, ENETS Center of Excellence, Rigshospitalet , 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5919-9291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Opali\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College , 30-688 Krak\u00f3w ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2272-3678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mairead Geraldine","family":"McNamara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester M13 9PL & the Christie NHS Foundation Trust , Manchester M20 4BX ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Netto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Christie NHS Foundation Trust , Manchester M20 4BX ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margot E T","family":"Tesselaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, ENETS Center of Excellence , 1066 CX Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6013-5893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Tsoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence, 1st Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens 11527 ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1014-9154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Grozinsky-Glasberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medicine, Neuroendocrine Tumor Unit, ENETS Center of Excellence, Hadassah Medical Center , Jerusalem 92100 ,","place":["Israel"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University , Jerusalem 92100 ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1748-878X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anat","family":"Bel-Ange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medicine, Neuroendocrine Tumor Unit, ENETS Center of Excellence, Hadassah Medical Center , Jerusalem 92100 ,","place":["Israel"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University , Jerusalem 92100 ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8116-962X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominique","family":"Clement","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kings Health Partners, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Institute of Liver Studies, King\u2019s College Hospital , London SE5 9RS, 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,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Grzelak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumours, Medical University of Silesia , 40-514 Katowice ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6076-4411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Vittoria","family":"Davi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology, Emergency Medicine, Policlinico GB Rossi, AOUI Verona , Verona 37134 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1436-1969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maralyn G","family":"Druce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London , London EC1M 6BQ 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,","place":["Bulgaria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9622-8883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen Sorina","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Elias Emergency University Hospital , 011461 Bucharest ,","place":["Romania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oana","family":"Ciobanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Elias Emergency University Hospital , 011461 Bucharest ,","place":["Romania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3526-0171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gitte","family":"Dam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, ENETS 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