{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T08:46:30Z","timestamp":1782809190665,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KLI 1015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KLI 1015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022218","name":"FWF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022218","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) constitutes an important cornerstone in blood pressure (BP) regulation. Previous evidence on the relationship between growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and the RAS is conflicting, depending on study conditions and exposure duration. This exploratory study therefore investigated the effects of short- and long-term GH excess on RAS activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RAS activity was assessed in 10 healthy, male volunteers (26 \u00b1 5years, BMI 23 \u00b1 3.4\u2005kg\/m2) before and after 1 week of daily, subcutaneous GH treatment (2\u2005mg) serving as model of short-term GH excess. Regarding long-term GH excess, RAS activity in 19 patients with active acromegaly (54 [48-59] years, 52.6% females, IGF-I\/ULN 2.8 [2.3-3.3]) was compared to a cohort of 25 controls (39 [32-47] years, 76% females). In 12 patients, measurements were re-conducted after successful treatment of acromegaly.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One week of GH treatment increased IGF-I concentrations to 1.6 \u00b1 0.5 ULN and overall RAS activity, including angiotensin II levels (117.5 \u00b1 50.3\u2005pMol\/L vs. 205.9 \u00b1 135.7\u2005pMol\/L, P = .03) and the surrogate of renin activity (PRA-S: 149.8 \u00b1 63.3\u2005pMol\/L vs. 269.1 \u00b1 177.4\u2005pMol\/L, P = .03) alongside increased concentrations of insulin and C-peptide in healthy males. In contrast, patients with acromegaly showed lower concentrations of angiotensin II (47.2 [33-145] pMol\/L vs. 155.3 [64-326] pMol\/L, P = .017), aldosterone (118 [71-193] pMol\/L vs. 227.8 [165-305] pMol\/L, P = .009), and PRA-S(84.2 [51-200] pMol\/L vs. 230 [85-403] pMol\/L, P = .032) despite higher mean arterial BP(105 [99-115] mmHg vs. 91 [85-97] mmHg, P &amp;lt; .001) compared to controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Short-term GH excess stimulates RAS activity which may be related to the increase in insulin and C-peptide. In contrast, RAS activity is down-regulated in long-term GH excess despite high BP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvag107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T12:29:23Z","timestamp":1781612963000},"page":"888-896","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The renin-angiotensin system is activated by short-term, but repressed by long-term growth hormone excess"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"194","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5277-4011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clemens","family":"Baumgartner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna 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