{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T08:59:51Z","timestamp":1790758791660,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":43,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is often the first condition on the pathway to patients developing multiple long-term conditions (MLTCs). The impact of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i), a key T2DM treatment, on hospitalization and MLTC progression remains uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this comparative effectiveness study, we emulated a target trial using linked primary care, hospital, and mortality records in England (2012-2023). Adults aged \u226540 years with T2DM initiating SGLT-2i or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) were included (n = 364 522). Outcomes included all-cause mortality, first hospitalization, number of hospitalizations, and incidence of 59 prespecified long-term conditions across 17 organ systems. Weighted Cox proportional hazards and negative binomial regression models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) or adjusted mean differences (aMDs), with 95% CIs and Benjamini\u2013Yekutieli correction for multiple testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with DPP-4i, SGLT-2i use was associated with lower risks of all-cause mortality (aHR 0.73, 95% CI 0.71-0.75), first hospitalization (aHR 0.86, 95% CI 0.85-0.87), and number of hospitalizations (aMD \u20130.36, 95% CI \u20130.38 to \u20130.34; all P &amp;lt; .001). SGLT-2i initiators had reduced risks for 28 conditions, including dementia, cancer, metabolic dysfunction\u2013associated steatotic liver disease, diabetic foot ulcer, epilepsy, and rheumatoid arthritis. Increased risks were observed for four conditions, including candidiasis and diabetic ketoacidosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SGLT-2i use in T2DM was associated with significant reductions in mortality, hospitalization, and MLTC burden. The broad protective effects across multiple organ systems highlight the potential of SGLT-2i to provide a holistic therapeutic strategy in the management of diabetes and its multisystem complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvag156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T12:46:58Z","timestamp":1786798018000},"page":"406-420","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["SGLT-2 inhibitors and risk of 59 long-term health conditions, hospitalization, and mortality"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"195","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1498-2693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingya","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham , Birmingham ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Life Course & Population Health 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