{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T09:01:45Z","timestamp":1790758905188,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":33,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After decades of progressive increase, subsidized testosterone prescribing under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) in Australia reduced following tightening of prescribing criteria in 2015. Conversely, testosterone use as gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) for transgender and gender-diverse individuals is increasing. This study aimed to investigate the longer-term impact of the 2015 tighter PBS regulations on testosterone prescribing in Australia and to characterize and quantify the potential expansion of testosterone prescribing for GAHT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Observational analysis of national testosterone prescribing under the Australian PBS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data for all PBS testosterone prescriptions from 2010 to 2023 were obtained. Data comprised the total number and cost of prescriptions for each testosterone product per month in each state and territory, designated by patient age, gender (mostly sex recorded at birth), prescriber type, and indication. Total use for each product was compared by converting prescriptions to defined monthly dosage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Male testosterone prescriptions rose to a peak in 2014, fell 30% to a nadir in 2016, and rose again to reach 98% of the 2014 peak in 2023. Most of the increase after 2016 resulted from a re-expansion of nonspecialist prescribing to those aged 40-79 years. Female testosterone prescriptions rose 80-fold from 2010 to 2023, mainly to individuals aged 18-29 years. In 2023, new female prescriptions accounted for 30% of all testosterone initiations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Male testosterone use is again approaching pre-2015 peak levels in Australia, potentially due to evasion of PBS regulations. The marked increase in female prescriptions likely reflects a rapid expansion of testosterone use as masculinizing GAHT. This highlights the growing need for accessible specialized gender-affirming care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvag158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T11:59:28Z","timestamp":1789473568000},"page":"488-497","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pharmacoepidemiology of testosterone prescribing in Australia, 2010-2023"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"195","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5596-9095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua V","family":"Gialouris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2138 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Andrology Department, Concord Hospital , Sydney, NSW 2139 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanxin","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2138 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Andrology Department, Concord Hospital , Sydney, NSW 2139 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarina","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2138 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Andrology Department, Concord Hospital , Sydney, NSW 2139 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4200-7476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J","family":"Handelsman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2138 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Andrology Department, Concord Hospital , Sydney, NSW 2139 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"15","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.6895","article-title":"Trends in androgen prescribing in the United States, 2001 to 2011","volume":"173","author":"Baillargeon","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12178","article-title":"A UK epidemic of testosterone prescribing, 2001-2010","volume":"79","author":"Gan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2016.01.010","article-title":"Trends in testosterone prescription and public health concerns","volume":"43","author":"Gabrielsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Urol Clin North Am."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.5694\/mja11.11277","article-title":"Pharmacoepidemiology of testosterone prescribing in Australia, 1992-2010","volume":"196","author":"Handelsman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.5694\/mja13.10111","article-title":"Global trends in testosterone prescribing, 2000-2011: expanding the spectrum of prescription drug misuse","volume":"199","author":"Handelsman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.5080","article-title":"Pharmacoepidemiology of testosterone: impact of reimbursement policy on curbing off-label prescribing","volume":"29","author":"Handelsman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-18907-1.00138-4","volume-title":"Endocrinology: Adult and Pediatric","author":"Handelsman","year":"2016","edition":"7th ed"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.50259","article-title":"Position statement on the hormonal management of adult transgender and gender diverse individuals","volume":"211","author":"Cheung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2020.10.009","article-title":"International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health Clinical Practice guideline for the use of systemic testosterone for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women","volume":"18","author":"Parish","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.52415","article-title":"Gender affirmation testosterone therapy, Australia, 2021-22: a review of PBS dispensing data","volume":"221","author":"Nolan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.70194","article-title":"Temporal trends in gender-affirming hormone therapy initiation: evidence from whole-of-population Australian administrative data","volume":"55","author":"Saxby","year":"2025","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4284","article-title":"Pharmacoepidemiology of testosterone: curbing off-label prescribing","volume":"26","author":"Handelsman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.7999","article-title":"Testosterone prescribing in the United States, 2002-2016","volume":"320","author":"Baillargeon","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000336","article-title":"Patterns of testosterone prescription overuse","volume":"24","author":"Jasuja","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjq.2023.05.003","article-title":"Longitudinal patterns in testosterone prescribing after US FDA safety communication in 2014","volume":"49","author":"Sankar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085805","article-title":"Increased risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction following testosterone therapy prescription in men","volume":"9","author":"Finkle","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"17","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.280386","article-title":"Association of testosterone therapy with mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke in men with low testosterone levels","volume":"310","author":"Vigen","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1506119","article-title":"Effects of testosterone treatment in older men","volume":"374","author":"Snyder","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2215025","article-title":"Cardiovascular safety of testosterone-replacement therapy","volume":"389","author":"Lincoff","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B20","author":"Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center for Drug Evaluation and Research"},{"key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B21","author":"Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center for Drug Evaluation and Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1089\/trgh.2018.0019","article-title":"Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of transgender adults in Australia","volume":"3","author":"Cheung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transgend Health"},{"issue":"10042","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00684-X","article-title":"Global health burden and needs of transgender populations: a review","volume":"388","author":"Reisner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.31919","article-title":"Early access to testosterone therapy in transgender and gender-diverse adults seeking masculinization: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"6","author":"Nolan","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1089\/trgh.2020.0094","article-title":"The effect of gender-affirming hormones on gender dysphoria, quality of life, and psychological functioning in transgender individuals: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"van Leerdam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transgend Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3869","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-01658","article-title":"Endocrine treatment of gender-dysphoric\/gender-incongruent persons: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"102","author":"Hembree","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2004.tb06364.x","article-title":"Trends and regional differences in testosterone prescribing in Australia, 1991-2001","volume":"181","author":"Handelsman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B28","volume-title":"Population\u2014States and Territories","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS)","year":"2026"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00199-2","article-title":"Male hypogonadism: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management","volume":"12","author":"De Silva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnab001","article-title":"Androgen misuse and abuse","volume":"42","author":"Handelsman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad485","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of testosterone treatment in men: a T4DM postrandomization observational follow-up study","volume":"109","author":"Handelsman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3125","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf137","article-title":"Approach to the patient: low testosterone concentrations in men with obesity","volume":"110","author":"Muir","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00229","article-title":"Testosterone therapy in men with hypogonadism: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"103","author":"Bhasin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30367-3","article-title":"Testosterone treatment to prevent or revert type 2 diabetes in men enrolled in a lifestyle programme (T4DM): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-year, phase 3b trial","volume":"9","author":"Wittert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B35","volume-title":"Profile of Australia's Population","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW)","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B36","volume-title":"Australia's Health 2024: Data Insights","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW)","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B37","volume-title":"Overweight and Obesity","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW)","year":"2024"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.21041","article-title":"Association between direct-to-consumer advertising and testosterone testing and initiation in the United States, 2009-2013","volume":"317","author":"Layton","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000412","article-title":"The marketing of testosterone treatments for age-related low testosterone or \u2018low T\u2019","volume":"25","author":"Mintzes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3536","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf370","article-title":"Debate about the free testosterone hypothesis: useful tool or misguided mirage?","volume":"110","author":"Anawalt","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e871","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad180","article-title":"Approach to the patient: the evaluation and management of men &gt;\/=50 years with low Serum testosterone concentration","volume":"108","author":"Grossmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013478","article-title":"Pharmaceutical policies: effects of educational or regulatory policies targeting prescribers","volume":"2019","author":"Suleman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2021.11.016","article-title":"Epidemiology of male hypogonadism","volume":"51","author":"Thirumalai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B44","volume-title":"Endotext [Internet]","author":"Handelsman","year":"2000"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0309160","article-title":"Cross-sectional analysis of national testosterone prescribing through prescription drug monitoring programs, 2018-2022","volume":"19","author":"Selinger","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2490","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-01882","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of anabolic androgenic steroid use","volume":"104","author":"Anawalt","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2014.01.009","article-title":"The global epidemiology of anabolic-androgenic steroid use: a meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis","volume":"24","author":"Sagoe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1038\/s41443-022-00635-8","article-title":"Characteristics of men who use direct-to-consumer men's health telemedicine services","volume":"35","author":"Hudnall","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.4928","article-title":"Guideline-discordant care among direct-to-consumer testosterone therapy platforms","volume":"182","author":"Dubin","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.7008","article-title":"Direct-to-consumer low-testosterone clinics-where is the federation of state medical boards?","volume":"183","author":"Woloshin","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2018.01.016","article-title":"The Amsterdam Cohort of Gender Dysphoria Study (1972-2015): trends in prevalence, treatment, and regrets","volume":"15","author":"Wiepjes","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1089\/trgh.2019.0070","article-title":"Changing demographics in transgender individuals seeking hormonal therapy: are trans women more common than trans men?","volume":"5","author":"Leinung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transgend Health"},{"key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B53","volume-title":"Australian Government Guidelines on the Recognition of Sex and Gender","author":"Australian Government","year":"2013"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102002","article-title":"The epidemiology of disorders of sex development","volume":"39","author":"Berglund","year":"2025","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303578","article-title":"Transgender population size in the United States: a meta-regression of population-based probability samples","volume":"107","author":"Meerwijk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1071\/SH17067","article-title":"Epidemiology of gender dysphoria and transgender identity","volume":"14","author":"Zucker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B57","volume-title":"How Many Adults Identify as Transgender in the United States?","author":"Flores","year":"2025"},{"issue":"19","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0707302","article-title":"Testosterone for low libido in postmenopausal women not taking estrogen","volume":"359","author":"Davis","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000259","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of a transdermal testosterone cream in healthy postmenopausal women","volume":"22","author":"Fooladi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2020.10.020","article-title":"The informed consent model of care for accessing gender-affirming hormone therapy is associated with high patient satisfaction","volume":"18","author":"Spanos","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B61","volume-title":"NT to Cease Puberty Blockers for Children Under 18","author":"Steve Edgington Minister for Health","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026093004235033600_lvag158-B62","volume-title":"Independent Review into Puberty Blockers","author":"Tim Nicholls Minister for Health and Ambulance Services","year":"2025"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ejendo\/article-pdf\/195\/3\/488\/71188180\/lvag158.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ejendo\/article-pdf\/195\/3\/488\/71188180\/lvag158.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T08:24:04Z","timestamp":1790756644000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ejendo\/article\/195\/3\/488\/8812156"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejendo\/lvag158","relation":{},"ISSN":["0804-4643","1479-683X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0804-4643","type":"print"},{"value":"1479-683X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]}}}