{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:04:31Z","timestamp":1792785871158,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services Counties of Pirkanmaa and South Ostrobothnia","award":["T63714"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T63714"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02hvt5f17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services Counties of Pirkanmaa and South Ostrobothnia","award":["7328\/1051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7328\/1051"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02hvt5f17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010600","name":"Tampere University Hospital Support Foundation, Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T64324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T64324"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010600","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010600","name":"Tampere University Hospital Support Foundation, Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MK 245"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MK 245"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010600","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008723","name":"Finnish Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008723","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010125","name":"Jalmari and Rauha Ahokas Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010135","name":"Finska L\u00e4kares\u00e4llskapet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010135","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acromegaly has been associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity, but it is unclear to what extent this holds true in contemporary acromegaly cohorts and when the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) evolve in relation to the time of diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardiovascular morbidity was studied in the Finnish acromegaly cohort (n = 565) and 5629 controls using Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis from 10 years before the diagnosis of acromegaly and continuing up to &amp;gt;30 years after the diagnosis. Hazard ratios for CVD-related hospital visits were calculated with Cox regression analyses in the post-diagnosis period. The effects of received treatments, hypopituitarism, and biochemical control of acromegaly were studied with multivariable analyses among the patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardiovascular morbidity increased years before the diagnosis of acromegaly and remained elevated compared to controls [hazard ratio (HR) 1.59 (95% CI 1.42\u20131.78)] throughout the follow-up (median 17.2 years, IQR 8.7\u201326.5 years). The highest increase was observed in diseases of pulmonary arteries [HR 2.74 (1.87-4.02)], valvular diseases and cardiomyopathies [HR 2.68 (2.09-3.44)], and hypertension [HR 2.11 (1.85-2.42)]. Radiotherapy, hypopituitarism, and post-treatment Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) above or below the reference range were associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity. Even patients who achieved biochemical remission and normal pituitary function after surgery suffered from increased morbidity compared to controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with acromegaly are still characterized by increased morbidity across a wide range of CVDs. Cardiovascular morbidity is already present before diagnosis and persists despite acromegaly-specific therapy. This underlines the importance of early diagnostics and CVD prevention for these patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvag180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T19:18:44Z","timestamp":1789672724000},"page":"562-573","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cardiovascular morbidity in acromegaly during a long-term follow-up\u2014a nationwide cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"195","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8321-4110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antti","family":"Partanen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology , FI-33014 Tampere ,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Tampere University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa , FI-33521 Tampere ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3359-7109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elina","family":"Peltola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology , FI-33014 Tampere ,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Fimlab Laboratories, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa , FI-33520 Tampere ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heini","family":"Huhtala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere University, Faculty of Social Sciences , FI-33014 Tampere ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Essi","family":"Ry\u00f6di","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology , FI-33014 Tampere ,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa , FI-33520 Tampere ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heli","family":"Rantala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology , FI-33014 Tampere ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jarmo","family":"Louhelainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology , FI-33014 Tampere ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalil","family":"Sumrein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology , FI-33014 Tampere ,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Tampere University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa , FI-33521 Tampere ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saara","family":"Metso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology , FI-33014 Tampere ,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Tampere University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa , FI-33521 Tampere ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helene","family":"Markkanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry, HUS Diagnostic Centre, Helsinki University Hospital , FI-00290 Helsinki ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milla","family":"Roseng\u00e5rd-B\u00e4rlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, ENDO-ERN (European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions) 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,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Immonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Western Finland and University of Turku, Faculty of Medicine , FI-20521 Turku ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pirjo","family":"Nuutila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Western Finland and University of Turku, Faculty of Medicine , FI-20521 Turku ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heikki","family":"Rajala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Savo and University of Eastern Finland , FI-70210 Kuopio 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