{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T23:31:19Z","timestamp":1794439879966,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009687","name":"Wroclaw Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009687","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For many years, fluid and sodium restriction have been considered an essential strategy for achieving effective decongestion in acute heart failure (AHF), but this paradigm has recently been questioned. This analysis aims to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of three different fluid strategies for decongestion: no fluid, fluid with sodium\/chloride, and fluid without sodium\/chloride in AHF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This post-hoc analysis of two prospective, single-centre, mechanistic studies included 55 patients with AHF and fluid overload. All patients received standardized furosemide dosing. A total of 21 patients received a continuous infusion of 0.9% NaCl (83\u2005mL\/h), 19 patients received 5% glucose (83\u2005mL\/h), and 15 did not receive any fluids. The primary outcome is urine volume and natriuresis at 6\u2005h after loop diuretic administration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was a significant difference in cumulative (6\u2005h) net natriuresis between patients receiving fluid therapy (n = 40) and those without fluid therapy (n = 15) (139 [66\u2013264] mmol vs. 79 [15\u2013144] mmol, P = .043). There was no significant difference in cumulative net diuresis between these groups (1170 [880\u20131890] mL vs. 1010 [475\u20131270] mL, P = .078), respectively. The NaCl group had a better diuretic response when compared with the glucose and no-fluids groups (absolute: 1980 [1620\u20133150] mL vs. 1510 [1075\u20132175] mL vs. 1010 [475\u20131270] mL, P &amp;lt; .001, net: 1480 [1120\u20132650] mL vs. 1010 [575\u20131675] mL vs. 1010 [475\u20131270] mL, P = .019, respectively) but the difference in natriuresis did not meet statistical significance (P = .126).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intravenous fluid replacement during decongestion in patients with AHF was associated with increased net natriuresis and a trend towards higher urine output, with a significant augmentation of diuresis with sodium chloride supplementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  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Mikulicz Radecki University Hospital in Wroclaw , Borowska 213, 50-556, Wroclaw ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Gajewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Intensive Cardiac Care, Department of Cardiology, Institute of Heart Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University , Borowska 213 Street, 50-556, Wroclaw ,","place":["Poland"]},{"name":"Institute of Heart Diseases, Jan Mikulicz Radecki University Hospital in Wroclaw , Borowska 213, 50-556, Wroclaw ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Nu\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario, Universitat de Valencia, INCLIVA , Valencia ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Tymk\u00f3w","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Intensive Cardiac Care, Department of Cardiology, Institute of Heart Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University , Borowska 213 Street, 50-556, Wroclaw ,","place":["Poland"]},{"name":"Institute of Heart Diseases, Jan Mikulicz Radecki University Hospital in Wroclaw , Borowska 213, 50-556, Wroclaw ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Testani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Ponikowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Intensive Cardiac Care, 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