{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T09:42:45Z","timestamp":1789465365939,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiac disease and a leading cause of heart failure and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young adults. Given its complex pathophysiology, phenotypic diversity, and rapidly evolving therapeutic landscape, a structured and multidisciplinary approach to care is essential. This manuscript outlines a six-pillar framework to standardize and optimize evaluation and management of HCM. The proposed model organizes HCM care into six key domains. (i) Establishing the correct diagnosis, which requires differentiation between sarcomeric HCM and phenocopies such as amyloidosis, Fabry, or mitochondrial disease, using multimodal imaging and genetic testing. (ii) Establish presence of symptoms and of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO), which is central to symptom evaluation, prognostication, and treatment. Dynamic assessment with exercise echocardiography when required is essential to guide management, including pharmacotherapy or septal reduction therapy. (iii) Risk stratification for SCD integrates risk scores with adjunctive imaging data to support patient-centred implantable cardioverter defibrillator decisions. (iv) Genetic evaluation and family management enable cascade testing, early detection, and counselling. (v) Management of comorbidities\u2014including atrial fibrillation, hypertension, obesity, and sleep-disordered breathing\u2014is integral to holistic care and symptom control. (vi) Education and lifestyle guidance focus on safe sport participation, avoidance of dehydration and vasodilators, and reproductive counselling within a multidisciplinary setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejhf\/xuag035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T12:23:31Z","timestamp":1773059011000},"page":"374-384","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comprehensive evaluation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: European Journal of Heart Failure expert consensus document"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6036-2113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pieter","family":"Martens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, synapspark 1, 3600 Genk, Belgium - University Hasselt , 3500 Hasselt ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iacopo","family":"Olivotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of cardiology, Meyer Children\u2019s Hospital IRCCS , Florence ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5470-2257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Garcia-Pavia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, IDIPHISA, CIBERCV , Majadahonda ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Department Inherited Cardiomyopathy, , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6432-0431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Michels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Cardiovascular Institute, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milind Y","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center, Heart Vascular Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilfried","family":"Mullens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, synapspark 1, 3600 Genk, Belgium - University Hasselt , 3500 Hasselt ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091504190189400_xuag035-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2015.0354","article-title":"How hypertrophic cardiomyopathy became a contemporary treatable genetic disease with low mortality: 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