{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T13:50:15Z","timestamp":1782222615231,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778371200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute heart failure (AHF) and respiratory infection (RI) frequently coexist, with the latter commonly regarded as a trigger of AHF decompensation. However, the independent and combined prognostic impact of these conditions on survival is not well studied. We therefore assessed the association of AHF and RI, both separately and in combination, with subsequent mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients discharged with diagnoses of AHF, RI, or both were identified from the PARADISE study, a large cohort of patients hospitalized for acute dyspnoea. Associations with in-hospital and post-discharge mortality were assessed using multivariable binomial logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 11 679 patients, 4349 (37%) had AHF alone, 5091 (44%) had RI alone, and 2239 (19%) had both AHF and RI. In-hospital mortality was highest in patients with concomitant AHF and RI (21.9%), whereas post-discharge mortality was highest among those with AHF (55.2%). After multivariable adjustment, the coexistence of AHF and RI was associated with higher in-hospital mortality compared with AHF alone (adjusted OR [aOR]: 1.62, 1.33\u20131.98, P &amp;lt; .001), but not with higher post-discharge mortality (adjusted HR [aHR]: 0.99, 0.88\u20131.11, P = .9). Compared with AHF alone, RI alone was not associated with a higher risk of death both during hospitalization (aOR 1.11, 0.89\u20131.39, P = .3) and after discharge (aHR 1.07, 0.97\u20131.17, P = .2). Results from sensitivity analyses including natriuretic peptides confirmed those results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with concomitant AHF and RI showed an increased in-hospital risk but no excess post-discharge risk compared with AHF alone, whereas RI alone is not associated with increased mortality both in-hospital and post-discharge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejhf\/xuag160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T11:42:36Z","timestamp":1778326956000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Short- and long-term mortality in patients hospitalized for dyspnoea with acute heart failure, respiratory infection, or both: insights from the PARADISE cohort"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9463-5055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Coiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital , Perugia ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"CHRU de Nancy, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurith\u00e9matique 1433, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, INSERM U1116\u2014DCAC, and F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) , Nancy ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Monzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHRU de Nancy, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurith\u00e9matique 1433, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, INSERM U1116\u2014DCAC, and F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) , Nancy ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Boutry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHRU de Nancy, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurith\u00e9matique 1433, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, INSERM U1116\u2014DCAC, and F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) , Nancy ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4520-4810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Lacomblez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHRU de Nancy, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurith\u00e9matique 1433, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, INSERM U1116\u2014DCAC, and F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) , Nancy ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9200-2729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillaume","family":"Baudry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHRU de Nancy, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurith\u00e9matique 1433, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, INSERM U1116\u2014DCAC, and F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) , Nancy ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"REICATRA, Recherche et Enseignement en IC Avanc\u00e9e, Transplantation, Assistance , Vand\u0153uvre-l\u00e8s-Nancy ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5650-3155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Bresso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHRU de Nancy, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurith\u00e9matique 1433, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, INSERM U1116\u2014DCAC, and F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) , Nancy ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHRU de Nancy, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurith\u00e9matique 1433, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, INSERM U1116\u2014DCAC, and F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) , Nancy ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charl\u00e8ne","family":"Duchanois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHRU de Nancy, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurith\u00e9matique 1433, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, INSERM U1116\u2014DCAC, and F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) , Nancy ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Emergency Department, University Hospital of Nancy, INSERM U1116, University of Lorraine , Nancy ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucie","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHRU de Nancy, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurith\u00e9matique 1433, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, INSERM U1116\u2014DCAC, and F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) , Nancy ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Emergency Department, University Hospital of Nancy, INSERM U1116, University of Lorraine , Nancy ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9borah","family":"Jaeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHRU de Nancy, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurith\u00e9matique 1433, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, INSERM U1116\u2014DCAC, and F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) , Nancy ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Emergency Department, University Hospital of Nancy, INSERM U1116, University of Lorraine , Nancy ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8715-7753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Mebazaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris, France. Cardiovascular Markers in Stress Conditions (MASCOT), Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care, Inserm UMR-S 942, Lariboisi\u00e8re\u2014Saint-Louis Hospitals, DMU Parabol, AP-HP Nord , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7456-1570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faiez","family":"Zannad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHRU de Nancy, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurith\u00e9matique 1433, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, INSERM U1116\u2014DCAC, and F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) , Nancy ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahar","family":"Chouihed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHRU de Nancy, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurith\u00e9matique 1433, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, INSERM U1116\u2014DCAC, and F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) , Nancy ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Emergency Department, University Hospital of Nancy, INSERM U1116, University of Lorraine , Nancy ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3278-2057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Girerd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHRU de Nancy, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurith\u00e9matique 1433, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, INSERM U1116\u2014DCAC, and F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) , Nancy ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026062309063739700_xuag160-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0151-7","article-title":"Acute heart failure","volume":"6","author":"Arrigo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2026062309063739700_xuag160-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-023-03322-8","article-title":"Acute dyspnea in the emergency department: a clinical review","volume":"18","author":"Santus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"key":"2026062309063739700_xuag160-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2013.12.007","article-title":"Noncardiovascular death, especially infection, is a significant cause of death in elderly patients with acutely decompensated heart failure","volume":"20","author":"Ueda","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"2026062309063739700_xuag160-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11020439","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and predictors of in-hospital mortality among older patients with acute heart failure","volume":"11","author":"De Matteis","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2026062309063739700_xuag160-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.18229","article-title":"Association between hospitalization for pneumonia and subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease","volume":"313","author":"Corrales-Medina","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026062309063739700_xuag160-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1086\/518849","article-title":"The association between pneumococcal pneumonia and acute cardiac events","volume":"45","author":"Musher","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026062309063739700_xuag160-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2874","article-title":"Worsening of chronic heart failure: definition, epidemiology, management and prevention. A clinical consensus statement by the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"25","author":"Metra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026062309063739700_xuag160-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2211680","article-title":"Trial of an intervention to improve acute heart failure outcomes","volume":"388","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026062309063739700_xuag160-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.3103","article-title":"Risk of readmission and death after hospitalization for worsening heart failure: role of post-discharge follow-up visits in a real-world study from the Grand Est Region of France","volume":"26","author":"Baudry","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026062309063739700_xuag160-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2333","article-title":"2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: developed by the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC","volume":"24","author":"McDonagh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026062309063739700_xuag160-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201501-0140OC","article-title":"Ten-year mortality after community-acquired pneumonia. A prospective cohort","volume":"192","author":"Eurich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026062309063739700_xuag160-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00194110","article-title":"Potential causes of increased long-term mortality after pneumonia","volume":"37","author":"Mortensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026062309063739700_xuag160-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf186","article-title":"Short-term and long-term mortality following hospitalized and ambulatory lower respiratory tract illnesses among US adults","volume":"12","author":"Averin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026062309063739700_xuag160-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2018.10.011","article-title":"Effect of influenza on outcomes in patients with heart failure","volume":"7","author":"Panhwar","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026062309063739700_xuag160-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-023-10303-8","article-title":"Infection as an under-recognized precipitant of acute heart failure: prognostic and therapeutic implications","volume":"28","author":"Bezati","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"key":"2026062309063739700_xuag160-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2888","article-title":"Pre-discharge and early post-discharge management of patients hospitalized for acute heart failure: a scientific statement by the Heart Failure Association of the ESC","volume":"25","author":"Metra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026062309063739700_xuag160-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-018-1388-y","article-title":"Diagnostic and prognostic value of plasma volume status at emergency department admission in dyspneic patients: results from the PARADISE cohort","volume":"108","author":"Chouihed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"key":"2026062309063739700_xuag160-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-021-02879-6","article-title":"Head-to-head comparison of diagnostic scores for acute heart failure in the emergency department: results from the PARADISE cohort","volume":"17","author":"Chouihed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"key":"2026062309063739700_xuag160-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003419","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of congestion score index evaluated from chest radiography for acute heart failure in the emergency department: a retrospective analysis from the PARADISE cohort","volume":"17","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2026062309063739700_xuag160-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.102359","article-title":"The impact of meteorological variables on heart failure hospitalizations","volume":"4","author":"Coiro","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACC Adv"},{"key":"2026062309063739700_xuag160-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1093\/ejhf\/xuaf027","article-title":"Short and long-term prognosis of hospitalization for dyspnoea based on aetiology and hospitalization ward: insights from the PARADISE cohort","volume":"28","author":"Baudry","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026062309063739700_xuag160-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2015.14","article-title":"The vulnerable phase after hospitalization for heart failure","volume":"12","author":"Greene","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"2026062309063739700_xuag160-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1097\/MEJ.0000000000000379","article-title":"Intermediate-term and long-term mortality among acute medical patients hospitalized with community-acquired sepsis: a population-based study","volume":"24","author":"Henriksen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2026062309063739700_xuag160-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072476","article-title":"Predictors and outcomes of infection-related hospital admissions of heart failure patients","volume":"8","author":"Alon","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026062309063739700_xuag160-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11030740","article-title":"Acute bacterial infections and longitudinal risk of readmissions and mortality in patients hospitalized with heart failure","volume":"11","author":"Ng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2026062309063739700_xuag160-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.14302","article-title":"Long-term outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: predictors of cardiac and non-cardiac mortality","volume":"10","author":"Shahim","year":"2023","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026062309063739700_xuag160-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112754","article-title":"Multimorbidity frailty index and clinical outcomes among 42,989 older heart failure patients directly discharged from emergency departments: a nationwide retrospective cohort study","volume":"205","author":"Liao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"2026062309063739700_xuag160-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.3112","article-title":"The role of multimorbidity in patients with heart failure across the left ventricular ejection fraction spectrum: data from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry","volume":"26","author":"Tomasoni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026062309063739700_xuag160-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.36628\/ijhf.2023.0057","article-title":"The dual burden of frailty and heart failure","volume":"6","author":"Vitale","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026062309063739700_xuag160-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2014.02.003","article-title":"Cardiovascular function and prognosis of patients with heart failure coexistent with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"64","author":"Yoshihisa","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026062309063739700_xuag160-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaf092","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of respiratory viral triggers for acute myocardial infarction and stroke","volume":"121","author":"Nguyen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Heart Failure"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjhf\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ejhf\/xuag160\/68259883\/xuag160.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjhf\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ejhf\/xuag160\/68259883\/xuag160.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T13:06:45Z","timestamp":1782220005000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurjhf\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/ejhf\/xuag160\/8675016"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]]},"references-count":31,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejhf\/xuag160","relation":{},"ISSN":["1388-9842","1879-0844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1388-9842","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-0844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]]},"article-number":"xuag160"}}