{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T03:19:20Z","timestamp":1794194360562,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779062400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Vifor"},{"name":"Netherlands CardioVascular Research Initiative Consortium","award":["CVON, 2018-29: PHAEDRA-IMPACT, 2017-10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CVON, 2018-29: PHAEDRA-IMPACT, 2017-10"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NWO-VIDI: 917.18.338"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NWO-VIDI: 917.18.338"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002996","name":"Dutch Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018T059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018T059"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002996","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002996","name":"Dutch Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020T058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020T058"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002996","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002996","name":"Dutch Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020B008: RECONNEXT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B008: RECONNEXT"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002996","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"United States National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL173346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL173346"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Iron deficiency (ID) is common in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The IRON-HFpEF trial aimed to evaluate the mechanistic effects of intravenous iron supplementation on cardiovascular function and exercise tolerance in HFpEF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>45 patients with HFpEF (LV ejection fraction \u226550%) and ID were recruited from Amsterdam UMC and Maastricht UMC+. Patients with ID-anaemia were excluded. Patients were randomized to receive either ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) or placebo. At baseline and 4 months, assessments included exercise right heart catheterization, 6-minute walking distance (6MWD), cardiac MRI, exercise calf muscle 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and laser speckle contrast analysis. There was also an open-label extension.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients were in functional class II-III. FCM had no effect on pulmonary capillary wedge pressure during multiple levels of exercise (mean change \u22121.0\u2005mmHg, 95% CI [\u22124, 2]; P = .52). FCM did not change myocardial PCr\/ATP ratio (P = .18), calf muscle PCr recovery time (P = .11), NT-proBNP (P = .78), or Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaires (P = .67). However, FCM led to an improvement in right ventricular ejection fraction (FCM: +4 \u00b1 5% vs placebo: \u22123 \u00b1 6%; P = .002) and acetylcholine-mediated microvascular perfusion (FCM: +5 \u00b1 24 vs placebo: \u221216 \u00b1 25 a.u.; P = .04), and seemed to marginally improve 6MWD (+6 \u00b1 31\u2005m vs \u221213 \u00b1 31\u2005m; P = .06). After correction for baseline differences, FCM improved 6MWD (+28\u2005m; P = .01).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In patients with HFpEF and ID without ID-anaemia, FCM did not improve exercise hemodynamics, LV diastolic function, myocardial or skeletal energy homeostasis. Exploratory analyses suggest that FCM does improve exercise tolerance (6MWD), potentially through improvement of microvascular endothelial function and RV function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejhf\/xuag162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T11:43:53Z","timestamp":1778586233000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Intravenous IRON supplementation in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and iron deficiency (IRON-HFpEF): a comprehensive phase II multicentre placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Arno A","family":"van de Bovenkamp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences , Amsterdam ,","place":["The 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