{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T14:11:48Z","timestamp":1781532708957,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002066","name":"GSK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Iron deficiency occurs commonly in chronic kidney disease (CKD), but its association with heart failure and other cardiovascular (CV) outcomes, independent of anaemia, is not well defined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a post-hoc analysis of the Anaemia Studies in CKD: Erythropoiesis via a Novel prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor Daprodustat-Non-Dialysis (ASCEND-ND) trial. We assessed the independent associations of transferrin saturation (TSAT) and ferritin levels with CV and mortality outcomes using time-updated multivariable Cox regression models. The primary outcome was heart failure hospitalization (HFH) or CV death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 3872 participants (median age 67 years, 56% women, median estimated glomerular filtration rate 18\u2005mL\/min\/1.73\u2005m2), those with lower TSAT were more likely to be women, have diabetes, atrial fibrillation, and a history of CV disease. In fully adjusted models (including haemoglobin), compared to TSAT &amp;gt;30\u2013\u226440%, time-updated TSAT \u226420% was associated with a two-fold higher risk of the primary outcome (hazard ratio [HR] 2.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62\u20132.80), with similar associations observed for HFH (HR 1.97, 95% CI 1.40\u20132.79) and for CV death (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.45\u20133.29), as well as all-cause mortality (HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.25\u20132.03). Ferritin levels \u2264100\u2005ng\/mL (vs &amp;gt;100 to \u2264300\u2005ng\/mL) were not associated with a higher risk of any CV or mortality outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Iron deficiency defined by low TSAT, but not low ferritin levels, is associated with increased risk of heart failure and CV death in CKD, independent of haemoglobin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ejhf\/xuag171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T12:06:26Z","timestamp":1778760386000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Iron deficiency and risk of cardiovascular events in CKD: insights from the ASCEND-ND trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9276-8380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brendon L","family":"Neuen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales , Sydney ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Renal Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital , Sydney ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9074-6505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henri","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL) , Rue du Bugnon 46, 1005 Lausanne ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0885-1953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muthiah","family":"Vaduganathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W","family":"Ostrominski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1748-4340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian L","family":"Claggett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Finnian R","family":"McCausland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Division, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St Boston, MA 02115 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan W","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C","family":"Wheeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Renal Medicine, University College London , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8015-9470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivekanand","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay K","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Division, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St Boston, MA 02115 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J V","family":"McMurray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow , Glasgow ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4257-7620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vlado","family":"Perkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales , Sydney ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3698-9597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott D","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026061509262359300_xuag171-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfad250","article-title":"Anaemia in CKD-treatment standard","volume":"39","author":"Macdougall","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2026061509262359300_xuag171-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfz091","article-title":"Anemia and iron deficiency among chronic kidney disease Stages 3-5ND patients in the Chronic Kidney 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